Last update 01 Nov 2024

Esotropia

Last update 01 Nov 2024

Basic Info

Synonyms

Constant comitant esotropia, Convergent Strabismus, Convergent concomitant strabismus

+ [52]

Introduction

A form of ocular misalignment characterized by an excessive convergence of the visual axes, resulting in a "cross-eye" appearance. An example of this condition occurs when paralysis of the lateral rectus muscle causes an abnormal inward deviation of one eye on attempted gaze.

Drugs associated with Esotropia

Echothiophate Iodide

Target

AChE

Mechanism

AChE inhibitors

Active Org.

Fera Pharmaceuticals LLC

Originator Org.

Pfizer Inc.

Active Indication

Esotropia [+1]

Inactive Indication

Stargardt Disease

Drug Highest PhaseApproved

First Approval Ctry. / Loc.

First Approval Date27 Jun 1960

Clinical Trials associated with Esotropia

NCT05527015 / Not yet recruitingPhase 3IIT

Randomized Trial of Bifocal Spectacles vs. Single Vision Spectacles for Esotropia Greater at Near

Compare the proportion of BFL and SVL participants with treatment failure by 36 months, compare binocular function test scores between the BFL and SVL groups with both groups in BFL at 38 months after randomization (or 2 months after treatment failure), and evaluate treatment failure by 36 months according to baseline factor subgroups of: duration of constant esotropia pre-enrollment, presence of near stereoacuity on the Randot Preschool Stereoacuity test, in-office response of near alignment with +3.00 D lenses, and gradient AC/A ratio

Start Date01 Mar 2025

Sponsor / Collaborator

Jaeb Center For Health Research Foundation, Inc.

[+1]

NCT06622044 / RecruitingNot ApplicableIIT

Accommodation and Vergence Exercises Versus Prism Treatment for Small-angle Acute Acquired Concomitant Esotropia

This is a single-center, randomized controlled clinical trial to compare the effectiveness of vision therapy and prism wearing for the treatment of small-angle acute acquired concomitant esotropia.

Start Date07 Sep 2024

Sponsor / Collaborator

Fudan University Affiliated Eye & Ent Hospital

NCT06614335 / Active, not recruitingNot ApplicableIIT

An Observational Cohort Study to Explore the Clinical Outcome of Congenital Strabismmus Based on Etiology and Timing of Surgery

Through high-throughput sequencing and genotype/clinical phenotype/image phenotype analysis, this study will detect and find the clinical characteristics, genetic mode and gene diagnosis of children with congenital strabismus and their families, and explore the causes and pathogenesis of their diseases, so as to provide individualized treatment basis for the establishment of postoperative binocular vision in children undergoing congenital strabismus surgery. At the same time, it provides reference for the brain and intelligence development of children in the process of growth.

Start Date26 Mar 2024

Sponsor / Collaborator

Shanghai First People's Hospital

100 Clinical Results associated with Esotropia

100 Translational Medicine associated with Esotropia

0 Patents (Medical) associated with Esotropia

3,182

Literatures (Medical) associated with Esotropia

01 Dec 2024·American Journal of Ophthalmology

Body Mass Index Is Associated With Orbital Pulley Degeneration Syndrome, Including Sagging Eye Syndrome

Article

Author: Nakano, Tadashi ; Goseki, Toshiaki ; Iida, Kie ; Sano, Kei ; Onouchi, Hiromi

PURPOSESagging eye syndrome (SES), esotropia with high myopia including heavy eye syndrome, and age-related esotropia (ARE)-collectively termed orbital pulley degeneration syndrome (OPDS)-are characterized by strabismus with orbital pulley lateral rectus-superior rectus band impairment. Herein, we examined body mass index (BMI) in OPDS to determine SES-associated anthropometric characteristics.DESIGNRetrospective cohort study.METHODSWe compiled and analyzed the BMI of patients aged ≥50 years who underwent strabismus surgery at a single center in Shizuoka, Japan, between July 2020 and March 2023. BMI (kg/m²) was categorized into 4 groups: <18.5, 18.5 to 21.9, 22 to 24.9, and ≥25. As the boundary between OPDS and SES is ambiguous, we assumed a pure SES group by excluding patients with ARE and esotropia with high myopia from the OPDS group. Overall, 204 patients (age: 67.7 ± 9.7 years) were included in the study.RESULTSThere were 78/126 and 49/119 patients in the OPDS/non-OPDS and SES/non-SES groups (age: 70.4 ± 9.5/66.0 ± 9.6 years, P = .002 and 75.0 ± 6.0/66.6 ± 9.5 years, P < .001; BMI: 21.2 ± 3.3/23.2 ± 3.0 kg/m², P < .001 and 21.2 ± 3.3/23.1 ± 3.0 kg/m², P = .003), respectively. In the BMI-stratified analysis, OPDS and SES were more prevalent in the <18.5 BMI group than in the 22 to 24.9 and ≥25 BMI groups (P < .001 and P = .006, respectively). Logistic regression analysis, adjusted for age and sex, showed that lower BMI was associated with a higher prevalence of OPDS and SES.CONCLUSIONSPatients with OPDS, including SES, had lower BMI than other patients with strabismus. Therefore, BMI may be a clinical clue to SES.

01 Nov 2024·American Journal of Ophthalmology

Characteristics and Surgical Outcomes of Comitant Esotropia in an Adult Population Between 18 and 60 Years Old

Article

Author: Capo, Hilda ; Cavuoto, Kara M ; Tibi, Charlotte ; Rosa, Potyra R

PURPOSETo describe the clinical characteristics and surgical outcomes of adults with comitant nonaccommodative esotropia.DESIGNRetrospective case series.METHODSRetrospective review of medical records of patients 18 to 60 years old with comitant esotropia who underwent strabismus surgery at a tertiary eye care center between 2014 and 2023. The etiology of esotropia was categorized into three groups based on the disparity between near-distance angles of deviation: (1) basic esotropia (ETBA); (2) esotropia divergence insufficiency pattern; or (3) esotropia convergence excess pattern. The main outcome measures were strabismus characteristics and motor and sensory surgical outcomes. Surgical motor success was defined as a deviation that measured ≤10 prism diopters (PD).RESULTSOf the 219 that met the inclusion criteria, most patients were female (140, 64%) and had a mean age of 36.7 ± 12.3 years (range 18-60 years). The majority were myopic (157, 72%) and reported diplopia (176/219, 80.3%). The esotropia convergence excess pattern group had the largest mean deviations at both distance (45.5 ± 11.5 PD) and near (64 ± 12.3 PD) while the ETBA group had the largest ranges at distance (31 ± 13.5 PD, range 3-90) and near (30 ± 15 PD, range 2-85). Bilateral medial rectus recession and unilateral recess-resect procedures were performed with equal frequency (both 48%). Motor and sensory success were achieved more often with recess-resect than bilateral medial rectus recession, although only motor success was statistically significant (87.8% vs. 73.2%, P = .0375 and 93.3% vs. 85.5%, P = 15, respectively). At the last encounter, 88.1% (119/135) of patients with preoperative diplopia achieved single binocular vision.CONCLUSIONSRegardless of the pattern of esotropia, strabismus surgery in adults with comitant nonaccommodative esotropia resulted in good motor and sensory outcomes.

01 Nov 2024·Gene

Exploring WNT2 polymorphisms in comitant strabismus: A genetic association study

Article

Author: von Bartheld, Christopher S ; Vasquez-Gross, Hans ; Agarwal, Andrea B ; Zehra, Zainab ; Azam, Maleeha ; Qamar, Raheel ; Noorani Siddiqui, Sorath

BACKGROUNDStrabismus is a complex oculomotor condition characterized by a misalignment of the visual axis. The genetics of strabismus are poorly defined although a few candidate genes have been identified, among which is the WNT2 gene. Our study was designed to assess the association of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of WNT2 in Pakistani strabismus patients.METHODSA total of six SNPs, three intronic and three in the 3́ untranslated region, were screened in the current study. Logistic regression was performed using a dominant, recessive and additive model to determine the association of SNPs with strabismus and its clinical subtypes: esotropia and exotropia. Furthermore, haplotype analysis was performed.RESULTSRegression analysis revealed an association of rs2896218, rs3779550, rs2285544 and rs4730775 with strabismus under the dominant model. When analyzed separately, rs2896218 and rs2285544 were found to be associated with both esotropia and exotropia, while rs4730775 was significantly associated only with exotropia under the dominant model. Based on clinical parameters, rs2896218, rs2285544 and rs4730775 were also found to be associated with the group of strabismus patients who were diagnosed at birth, but not in the group of patients who were diagnosed later in life. Haplotype analysis revealed that the haplotype A T T (corresponding to rs2896218, rs3779550 and rs2285544) was significantly more prevalent in the strabismus group.CONCLUSIONOverall, the results of the present study suggest an association of WNT2 polymorphisms with strabismus and its subtypes in the Pakistani population, though further studies are needed to elucidate their role in strabismus etiology.

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