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Last update 08 May 2025

Esotropia

Last update 08 May 2025

Basic Info

Synonyms

Constant comitant esotropia, Convergent Strabismus, Convergent concomitant strabismus

+ [52]

Introduction

A form of ocular misalignment characterized by an excessive convergence of the visual axes, resulting in a "cross-eye" appearance. An example of this condition occurs when paralysis of the lateral rectus muscle causes an abnormal inward deviation of one eye on attempted gaze.

Drugs associated with Esotropia

Echothiophate Iodide

Target

ACHE

Mechanism

AChE inhibitors

Active Org.

Fera Pharmaceuticals LLC

Originator Org.

Pfizer Inc.

Active Indication

Esotropia [+1]

Inactive Indication

Stargardt Disease

Drug Highest PhaseApproved

First Approval Ctry. / Loc.

United States

First Approval Date27 Jun 1960

Clinical Trials associated with Esotropia

NCT05527015

/ Not yet recruitingPhase 3IIT

Randomized Trial of Bifocal Spectacles vs. Single Vision Spectacles for Esotropia Greater at Near

Compare the proportion of BFL and SVL participants with treatment failure by 36 months, compare binocular function test scores between the BFL and SVL groups with both groups in BFL at 38 months after randomization (or 2 months after treatment failure), and evaluate treatment failure by 36 months according to baseline factor subgroups of: duration of constant esotropia pre-enrollment, presence of near stereoacuity on the Randot Preschool Stereoacuity test, in-office response of near alignment with +3.00 D lenses, and gradient AC/A ratio

Start Date01 Sep 2025

Sponsor / Collaborator

Jaeb Center For Health Research Foundation, Inc.

[+1]

NCT06826599

/ RecruitingNot Applicable

Agreement and Precision Study of UNITY® DX and a Comparator Biometer

The purpose of this study is to validate the clinical measurement performance of an investigational biometer. Subjects will undergo multiple measurements of the eye, and the agreement, repeatability, and reproducibility of the biometric measurements will be evaluated.

Start Date18 Jan 2025

Sponsor / Collaborator

Cylite Pty Ltd.

NCT06714890

/ Not yet recruitingNot ApplicableIIT

A Single-center, Prospective, Randomized Controlled Trial Evaluating Accommodation-related Visual Training Combined with Transcranial Electrical Stimulation Versus Accommodation-related Visual Training Alone for the Treatment of Accommodation Dysfunction

This is a single-center, randomized controlled trial to compare the effectiveness of transcranial electrical stimulation combined with visual training with visual training alone for the treatment of accommodation disorder patients.

Start Date31 Dec 2024

Sponsor / Collaborator

Fudan University Affiliated Eye & Ent Hospital

100 Clinical Results associated with Esotropia

100 Translational Medicine associated with Esotropia

0 Patents (Medical) associated with Esotropia

3,047

Literatures (Medical) associated with Esotropia

04 May 2025·Neuro-Ophthalmology

Ophthalmic Presentation of Diffuse Intrinsic Pontine Glioma in Children (Case Series and Literature Review)

Article

Author: Bayramova, Elizaveta ; Pilat, Anastasia ; Filyridou, Maria ; Manklow, Lorraine

Diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG) is a rare aggressive brainstem lesion, affecting mainly young children. This report describes sixth cranial nerve palsy as the initial ophthalmic presentation in children with this pathology. Case series and literature review. All children presented with sixth nerve palsy were consecutively recruited from the pediatric clinic at the East Sussex NHS Healthcare Trust within the last 10 years. Full ophthalmic examination, orthoptic assessment, and refraction check were done in three patients. Magnetic Resonance Imaging was carried out using 1.5 Tesla (Siemens Symphony, Erlangen, Germany) to establish the diagnosis. The patients' age ranged from 5 to 14 years at the time of presentation. All presented with sudden onset esotropia and limited abduction, suggestive of presence of sixth nerve palsy, requiring urgent medical attention. On detailed questioning and assessment, all children showed various neurological symptoms including nystagmus, liquid dysphagia, balance problems, and nocturnal enuresis. Two out of three patients died within 7 months following diagnosis. Sudden onset esotropia, especially due to sixth nerve palsy in children, should be considered a red flag symptom, prompting proper urgent specialist assessment. Sixth nerve palsy in patients with DIPG was associated with severely reduced life expectancy in this case series of three patients, shorter than in reported non-ophthalmic presentations.

01 May 2025·Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics

Longitudinal development of ocular biometric components and refractive error in hyperopic children with infantile versus late‐onset accommodative esotropia

Article

Author: Wang, Jingyun ; Jost, Reed M. ; Koritala, Brooke A. ; Birch, Eileen E.

AbstractPurposeTo examine the developmental patterns of refractive error and optical components in hyperopic children with infantile (onset ≤12 months of age) accommodative or late‐onset (18–48 months of age) accommodative esotropia.MethodsThis prospective longitudinal study included children with infantile (n = 34) or late‐onset (n = 63) accommodative esotropia. Axial length (AL), anterior chamber depth (ACD), lens thickness (LT) and keratometry (K1, K2) were obtained with a Lenstar LS 900. Lenstar measures were recorded <6 months after cycloplegic spherical equivalent refraction (SER) was derived. An initial examination was conducted at 5.8 ± 1.5 years of age, with a follow‐up duration of 4.8 ± 0.8 years. A linear mixed‐effects model was used to estimate the rate of individual development for each ocular component and SER, and to compare the two groups.ResultsAll biometric components changed with age. The rates of change with age for SER and AL were significantly different between the infantile and late‐onset groups (SER: −0.18 vs. −0.12D/year, p < 0.001; AL: 0.16 vs. 0.14 mm/year, p < 0.01). The rate of change with age of the AL/CR ratio was significantly different between the infantile and late‐onset groups (0.019 vs. 0.016, p < 0.001). No significant differences in the rates of change in ACD, LT, K1 or K2 were identified.ConclusionsMajor ocular biometric components in children continue to mature in both infantile and late‐onset accommodative esotropia. Annual change in axial length is smaller in late‐onset accommodative esotropia than for infantile accommodative esotropia, consistent with less change in the SER with age.

01 May 2025·European Journal of Ophthalmology

Pediatric refractive surgery: Review article

Review

Author: Alkharashi, Maan ; Alowairdhi, Moath ; Albdaya, Norah ; Alzabadin, Rakan

Refractive surgery is one of the most commonly performed elective procedures in ophthalmology; it is mostly performed in patients who are older than 18 years of age. This routine procedure has been time-tested and is proven to be both safe and effective in adults. However, little is known about the safety and efficacy of refractive surgery in pediatric patients. Granted, refractive surgery should not be used in kids merely for the purpose of avoiding spectacles wear, but it can be of valuable help is preserving vision in patients with amblyopia and accommodative esotropia who otherwise couldn't comply with traditional management options. Refractive surgery in pediatric patients is a complex and challenging field due to the unique characteristics of their developing eyes. This review article aims to provide an overview of the current literature on refractive surgery in pediatric patients, focusing on the different surgical options, the advantages and disadvantages of each procedure.

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