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Last update 08 May 2025

Hypertensive Retinopathy

Last update 08 May 2025

Basic Info

Synonyms

Hypertensive Retinopathies, Hypertensive Retinopathy, Hypertensive retinopathy

+ [12]

Introduction

Degenerative changes to the RETINA due to HYPERTENSION.

Drugs associated with Hypertensive Retinopathy

Nifedipine

Target

calcium channel

Mechanism

calcium channel inhibitors

Active Org.

Bayer Yakuhin Ltd. [+9]

Originator Org.

Bayer AG

Active Indication

Hypertension, Renovascular [+8]

Inactive Indication

Diabetic Nephropathies [+1]

Drug Highest PhaseApproved

First Approval Ctry. / Loc.

Germany

First Approval Date01 Jan 1975

Clinical Trials associated with Hypertensive Retinopathy

NCT05716932

/ CompletedNot ApplicableIIT

Validity of Focal Laser Photocoagulation Followed by a Single Intravitreal Ranibizumab Injection for Retinal Artery Macroaneurysm.

Treatment options for Retinal artery Macroaneurysm (RAM) include focal laser photocoagulation, intravitreal anti-Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (anti-VEGF) injection, combined anti VEGF - laser therapy, YAG hyaloidotomy and pars plana vitrectomy. Focal laser photocoagulation is applied directly to the macroaneurysm (direct lesional), its surrounding area (indirect perilesional) or a combination of both. [3-5] Anti-VEGF agents including bevacizumab and ranibizumab reduce leakage from the macroaneurysm. [3-15] YAG hyaloidotomy is used for fresh premacular hemorrhage. [16] Pars plana vitrectomy is reserved for RAM complicated by vitreous and/or premacular hemorrhage. [17]
However, there is no consensus about laser and anti VEGF treatments. Some authors use perilesional laser, while others use direct laser only. There is also no clear protocol for anti VEGF injections. Some authors report using focal laser only if multiple anti VEGF injections do not result in marked improvement. [3-17]
.

Start Date22 Dec 2022

Sponsor / Collaborator

Cairo University

NCT05130385

/ Unknown statusNot Applicable

Investigation of Retinal Pathology in Eye Diseases Using High Resolution Optical Coherence Tomography (High-Res-OCT)

Comparison of high-resolution optical coherence tomography (High-Res-OCT) to conventional imaging modalities for the diagnosis of eye diseases

Start Date30 Nov 2021

Sponsor / Collaborator

Insel Gruppe AG

NCT05196139

/ CompletedNot ApplicableIIT

Visual Outcome After Vitrectomy With Subretinal tPA Injection to Treat Submacular Hemorrhage Secondary to Age-related Macular Degeneration or Macroaneurysm

evaluate the safety of Eva surgical system

Start Date01 Apr 2021

Sponsor / Collaborator-

100 Clinical Results associated with Hypertensive Retinopathy

100 Translational Medicine associated with Hypertensive Retinopathy

0 Patents (Medical) associated with Hypertensive Retinopathy

1,963

Literatures (Medical) associated with Hypertensive Retinopathy

31 Dec 2025·Blood Pressure

Malignant hypertension, and if it was scleroderma? Lessons from two cases

Article

Author: Franko, Benoit ; Jost, Sandra ; Cellot, Etienne ; Laamech, Réda ; Giovannini, Diane

Inroduction : Scleroderma Renal Crisis (SRC) is characterised by acute hypertension, haemolytic anaemia (HA), and acute kidney injury (AKI). Often presenting as the first manifestation of scleroderma, it is frequently mistaken for malignant hypertension (MHT). Rapid recognition and differentiation of SRC from other hypertensive emergencies are essential for improving patient outcomes.We present two clinical cases that illustrate the diagnostic challenges of SRC in the context of MHT.Case 1: A 53-year-old man presented with severe hypertension (238/127 mmHg) and AKI (creatinine 390 μmol/L). He was diagnosed MHT due to the presence of grade III hypertensive retinopathy and HA. . However, a urine dipstick test detected haematuria, leading to further immune testing and, a renal biopsy, which confirmed SRC. Treatment with high-dose ramipril led to a sustained recovery of kidney function, 221 μmol/L after five years).Case 2: A 52-year-old man presented with chest pain, severe hypertension (253/132 mmHg), and AKI (creatinine 183 μmol/L). Initially managed as MHT, his kidney function worsened, prompting further investigation, which revealed haematuria and positive anti-nuclear antibodies. A renal biopsy confirmed SRC. High-dose ramipril was reintroduced, leading to partial kidney function recovery (creatinine 218 μmol/L after five years).Key findings : These cases underscore the importance of early detection of hematuria and autoimmune markers to expedite diagnosis of SRC in case of MHT. When SRC is suspected, high-dose angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEi) should be initiated immediately, even before biopsy confirmation and continued despite initial kidney function decline. Early intervention is crucial for optimising kidney outcomes and achieving effective blood pressure control.

19 May 2025·Seminars in Ophthalmology

Vitrectomy Combined with Internal Limiting Membrane Peeling for the Treatment of Hemorrhagic Retinal Arterial Macroaneurysm with “Multilayered” Hemorrhages

Review

Author: Han, Han ; Yan, Hua ; Wang, Qihua ; Guo, Haixia ; Li, Hongzhe ; Yang, Xueli ; Zhou, Fengqi ; Lu, Yuezhu ; Zhang, Changjiao

AIMSTo report clinical outcomes of pars plana vitrectomy combined with internal limiting membrane (ILM) peeling in the treatment of "multilayered" hemorrhages caused by hemorrhagic retinal arterial microaneurysm (RAM) in three cases.METHODSThree patients with hemorrhagic RAM were reviewed. All patients underwent vitrectomy combined with ILM peeling. The diagnosis of RAM was confirmed by fluorescein angiography and optical coherence tomography after surgery.RESULTSAll patients had yellowish-white prominent lesions with preretinal, intraretinal, and subretinal hemorrhaging with or without macular edema. Several months after the vitrectomy, the multilayered hemorrhages resolved without recurrent hemorrhage in the macular area. The exudative retinal detachment and macular edema associated with the RAM resolved, and eventually the RAM resolved, leaving behind white fibrous tissue. The visual acuity was improved in all patients.CONCLUSIONVitrectomy combined with ILM peeling was an option for the treatment of RAM with "multilayered" hemorrhages. Postoperative visual acuity and anatomical structure were improved.

01 May 2025·Survey of Ophthalmology

Perifoveal vascular anomalous complex and telangiectatic capillaries: An overview of two entities potentially sharing a common pathophysiology

Review

Author: Castro-Farias, Daniela ; Paques, Michel ; Sacconi, Riccardo ; Girmens, Jean-François ; Eandi, Chiara Maria ; Biagini, Francesco ; Nicolò, Massimo ; Dupas, Bénédicte ; Cattaneo, Jennifer ; Querques, Giuseppe ; Forte, Paolo ; Siab, Mehdi

Focal capillary ectasia in the macular region can manifest in distinct clinical scenarios, which can be categorized into 2 main entities: perifoveal vascular anomalous complex (PVAC) and telangiectatic capillaries (TelCaps). PVAC represents a primary, idiopathic condition, whereas TelCaps occur secondary to underlying vascular disorders, including diabetic macular edema and retinal vein occlusion. We provide a comprehensive analysis of these 2 entities, encompassing their clinical presentations, multimodal imaging findings, histological evidence, and differential diagnosis from other retinal microvascular abnormalities, such as Type 1 macular telangiectasia, adult-onset Coats disease, Type 3 macular neovascularization in age-related macular degeneration, and retinal arterial macroaneurysms. Although PVAC and TelCaps are distinct entities, they may share common pathogenic mechanisms, including progressive endothelial dysfunction, pericyte loss, and intraluminal deposition of blood components. Selective laser photocoagulation has emerged as a promising therapeutic approach for both conditions. The proposed standardization of nomenclature for accurate reporting and meaningful cross-study comparisons is expected to facilitate future advancements in this field, ultimately leading to improved patient outcomes.

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