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Last update 23 Jan 2025

Enzootic Bovine Leukosis

Last update 23 Jan 2025

Basic Info

Synonyms

Bovine Leukemia, Bovine Leukemias, Bovine Leukoses

+ [50]

Introduction

A lymphoid neoplastic disease in cattle caused by the bovine leukemia virus. Enzootic bovine leukosis may take the form of lymphosarcoma, malignant lymphoma, or leukemia but the presence of malignant cells in the blood is not a consistent finding.

Drugs associated with Enzootic Bovine Leukosis

ZX-2401

Target-

Mechanism-

Active Org.-

Originator Org.

Zymetx, Inc.

Active Indication-

Inactive Indication

Dengue [+3]

Drug Highest PhaseDiscontinued

First Approval Ctry. / Loc.-

First Approval Date20 Jan 1800

100 Clinical Results associated with Enzootic Bovine Leukosis

100 Translational Medicine associated with Enzootic Bovine Leukosis

0 Patents (Medical) associated with Enzootic Bovine Leukosis

1,516

Literatures (Medical) associated with Enzootic Bovine Leukosis

01 Feb 2025·Preventive Veterinary Medicine

Using supervised machine learning algorithms to predict bovine leukemia virus seropositivity in dairy cattle in Florida: A 10-year retrospective study

Article

Author: Bommineni, Reddy ; Bittar, João H J ; Megahed, Ameer A ; Short, Michael ; Galvão, Klibs N

Supervised machine-learning (SML) algorithms are potentially powerful tools that may be used for screening cows for infectious diseases such as bovine leukemia virus (BLV) infection. Here, we compared six different SML algorithms to identify the most important risk factors for predicting BLV seropositivity in dairy cattle in Florida. We used a dataset of 1279 dairy blood sample records from the Bronson Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory that were submitted for BLV antibody testing from 2012 to 2022. The SML algorithms that we used were logistic regression (LR), decision tree (DT), gradient boosting (GB), random forest (RF), neural network (NN), and support vector machine (SVM). A total of 312 serum samples were positive for BLV with corrected seroprevalence of 26.0 %. Subject to limitations of the analyzed retrospective data, the RF model was the best model for predicting BLV seropositivity in dairy cattle indicated by the highest Kolmogorov-Smirnov (KS) statistic of 0.75, area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUROC) of 0.93, gain of 2.6; and lowest misclassification rate of 0.10. The LR model was the worst. The RF model showed that the best predictors for BLV seropositivity were age (dairy cows of age ≥ 5 years) and geographic location (southern Florida). We concluded that the RF and other SML algorithms hold promise for predicting BLV seropositivity in dairy cattle and that dairy cattle 5 years of age or older raised in southern Florida have a higher likelihood of testing positive for BLV. This study makes an important methodological contribution to the needed development of predictive tools for effective screening for BLV infection and emphasizes the importance of collecting and using representative data in such predictive models.

07 Jan 2025·Microbiology Spectrum

A rapid and simple clonality assay for bovine leukemia virus-infected cells by amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) analysis

Article

Author: Matsuo, Misaki ; Jahan, M. Ishrat ; Hossain, Md Belal ; Makimoto, Sakurako ; Ohnuki, Nagaki ; Kobayashi, Tomoko ; Satou, Yorifumi ; Imakawa, Kazuhiko

ABSTRACTEnzootic bovine leukosis (EBL), although eradicated in some European countries, is still the most common neoplastic disease of cattle, caused by the bovine leukemia virus (BLV). During the progression of EBL, BLV-infected cells clonally expand, and some of which result in tumor onset. The clonality of BLV-infected cells is generally evaluated with NGS or Sanger sequencing. Although these methods clearly distinguish EBL from non-EBL cases, the procedures are complex and not practical for routine veterinary diagnosis. In this study, we developed an amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) analysis for BLV clonality assay (BLV-AFLP). This analysis uses restriction enzyme digestion to amplify the chimeric regions of BLV 3’ linear transcribed region (LTR) and host genome through conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and visualizes the results by gel-electrophoresis. The method was established using cattle samples representing different stages of the disease: BLV-uninfected, non-EBL, and EBL cattle. Non-EBL cattle showed smeared bands, indicating polyclonal proliferation, while EBL cattle showed distinct bands, indicating clonal expansion. The results of BLV-AFLP correlated well with those of previously reported methods, suggesting its efficacy in detecting clonal proliferation. The validation using blood samples of non-EBL cattle and tumor samples of EBL cattle confirmed that BLV-AFLP could effectively identify clonal proliferation in EBL samples. Moreover, the emergence of dominant clones in the tumor at later stages was successfully detected before EBL onset in some cattle, highlighting its sensitivity and potential for early detection. Overall, BLV-AFLP is suitable for practical use in the field, improving BLV management strategies and minimizing economic losses.IMPORTANCEEnzootic bovine leukosis (EBL) is routinely diagnosed based on external manifestations at the farm, such as the presence of tumors and/or general lymph node enlargement. However, due to the nonspecific clinical manifestations of EBL, over half of EBL cases are unrecognized at the farm, with most cases being diagnosed during postmortem inspection at the slaughterhouse. Early detection and monitoring of clonal expansion are necessary for managing EBL and reducing economic losses. In this study, we developed BLV-AFLP that represents a significant advancement in the diagnosis of EBL in cattle. This method can rapidly assess the clonal proliferation of BLV-infected cells, crucial for distinguishing between asymptomatic and EBL cattle. Additionally, tracking clonal dynamics offers insights into the disease’s progression, potentially providing strategies for avoiding economic losses. Overall, as BLV-AFLP is a simple and rapid test for detecting EBL, it is feasible and efficient for routine veterinary practice.

01 Jan 2025·Veterinary Pathology

Splenic rupture in dairy cattle: Report of 24 cases

Article

Author: Gabriel, Mateus E. ; Boldori, Érica ; Perosa, Fernanda F. ; Gomes, Teane M. A. ; Mendes, Ricardo E. ; Piva, Manoela M. ; Pelisser, Giovana ; Horn, Vitor W. ; Stilz, C. Robert ; Pavarini, Saulo P. ; Gris, Anderson H.

Splenic rupture in cattle is scarcely described in the literature. The aim of this work was to report the occurrence of splenic rupture in cattle in southern Brazil as well as to describe the causes of the condition. Between 2013 and 2022, 24 of the 1769 bovine necropsies performed in southern Brazil were due to splenic rupture, accounting for 1.36% of the diagnoses. Animals died due to hemoperitoneum caused by a rupture in the splenic capsule, typically associated with marked splenomegaly and a large hematoma between the capsule and the parenchyma. Clinical signs were described in a subset of cases (11 of 24 cases, 46%) and included apathy, abdominal pain, mucosal pallor, tachycardia, and respiratory distress. However, the majority (13 of 24 cases, 54%) presented as sudden death. The underlying cause of splenic rupture was established as follows: 16 cases (67%) secondary to babesiosis, 4 cases (17%) due to lymphoma, 1 case (4%) due to a thrombus, 1 case (4%) due to external trauma, 1 case due to a ruptured nodular lymphoid hyperplasia (4%), and 1 case of undetermined cause (4%). Hypovolemic shock caused by splenic rupture is an important cause of death of dairy cattle, and babesiosis and bovine leukemia virus–associated lymphoma are among the most common etiologic diagnoses (84% of cases). The description of the causes of this condition is important to clarify the pathogenesis and occurrence of splenic rupture in dairy cattle.

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Enzootic Bovine Leukosis

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