Last update 01 Nov 2024

Acute cystitis

Last update 01 Nov 2024

Basic Info

Synonyms

Acute Cystitis, Acute cystitis, Acute cystitis (disorder)

+ [13]

Introduction

An acute infection of the bladder. It is usually caused by bacteria. Signs and symptoms include increased frequency of urination, pain or burning during urination, fever, cloudy or bloody urine, and suprapubic pain.

Drugs associated with Acute cystitis

Cefditoren Pivoxil

Target

PBPs

Mechanism

PBPs inhibitors

Active Org.

Meiji Seika Pharma Co., Ltd. [+1]

Originator Org.

Meiji Seika Pharma Co., Ltd.

Active Indication

Bacterial Infections

Inactive Indication

Acute cystitis [+5]

Drug Highest PhaseApproved

First Approval Ctry. / Loc.

First Approval Date01 Apr 1994

Zhuling Decoction

Target-

Mechanism-

Active Org.

Sanwa Shoyaku Co., Ltd.

Originator Org.

Sanwa Shoyaku Co., Ltd.

Active Indication

Acute cystitis [+3]

Inactive Indication-

Drug Highest PhaseApproved

First Approval Ctry. / Loc.

First Approval Date18 Jul 1986

Gepotidacin

Target

Bacterial DNA gyrase x Top II

Mechanism

Bacterial DNA gyrase inhibitors [+1]

Active Org.

GSK Plc [+1]

Originator Org.

GSK Plc

Active Indication

Urinary Tract Infections [+3]

Inactive Indication

Complicated skin and soft tissue infection [+2]

Drug Highest PhaseNDA/BLA

First Approval Ctry. / Loc.-

First Approval Date20 Jan 1800

Clinical Trials associated with Acute cystitis

CTRI/2024/08/071827 / Not yet recruitingPhase 3IIT

A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial to study the effect of Trapusa Beej in Pittaj Mutrakruchha with special reference to Acute Cystitis - NIL

Start Date11 Aug 2024

Sponsor / Collaborator-

CTRI/2024/07/071693 / Not yet recruitingPhase 2IIT

Randomised Controlled Clinical Study To Assess The Efficacy Of Amlikakshar In Management of Mutrakrucchra With Special Reference To Urinary Tract Infection - NIL

Start Date10 Aug 2024

Sponsor / Collaborator-

CTRI/2024/06/068732 / Not yet recruitingPhase 2IIT

To Study the Utility Of A.R. Morgans Repertory of the Urinary Organs and Prostate gland Including Condylomata in Selecting Similimum for the Management of Acute Cystitis in Females. - NIL

Start Date22 Jun 2024

Sponsor / Collaborator-

100 Clinical Results associated with Acute cystitis

100 Translational Medicine associated with Acute cystitis

0 Patents (Medical) associated with Acute cystitis

938

Literatures (Medical) associated with Acute cystitis

01 Dec 2024·Molecular Biology Reports

High prevalence of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance in escherichia coli strains producing extended-spectrum beta-lactamases isolated from faeces and urine of pregnant women with acute cystitis

Article

Author: Hadadi, Mahtab ; Hashemizadeh, Zahra ; Fathi, Javad ; Sohrabi, Maryam ; Kholdi, Soudeh ; Keshavarz, Kowsar ; Mohebi, Samane ; Darvishvand, Zahra

BACKGROUNDEscherichia coli is the most common etiological agent of urinary tract infections (UTIs). Meanwhile, plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) is reported in E. coli isolates producing extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs). Furthermore, the reservoirs and mechanisms of acquisition of uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) strains are poorly understood. On the other hand, UTIs are common in pregnant women and the treatment challenge is alarming.METHODS AND RESULTSIn the present study, 54 pregnant women with acute cystitis were included. A total of 108 E. coli isolates, 54 isolates from UTI and 54 isolates from faeces of pregnant women (same host) were collected. In the antimicrobial susceptibility test, the highest rate of antibiotic resistance was to nalidixic acid (77%, 83/108) and the lowest rate was to imipenem (9%, 10/108). Among the isolates, 44% (48/108) were ESBLs producers. A high frequency of PMQR genes was observed in the isolates. The frequency of PMQR genes qnrS, qnrB, aac(6')-Ib-cr, and qnrA was 58% (63/108), 21% (23/108), 9% (10/108), and 4% (4/108), respectively. Meanwhile, PMQR genes were not detected in 24% (20/85) of isolates resistant to nalidixic acid and/or fluoroquinolone, indicating that other mechanisms, i.e. chromosomal mutations, are involved in resistance to quinolones, which were not detected in the present study. In ESBL-producing isolates, the frequency of PMQR genes was higher than that of non-ESBL-producing isolates (81% vs. 53%). Meanwhile, UTI and faeces isolates mainly belonged to phylogenetic group B2 (36/54, 67% and 25/54, 46%, respectively) compared to other phylogenetic groups. In addition, virulence factors and multidrug-resistant (MDR) were mainly associated with phylogenetic group B2. However, predominant clones in faeces were not found in UTIs. Rep-PCR revealed the presence of 85 clones in patients. Among the clones, 40 clones were detected only in faeces (faeces-only), 35 clones only in UTI (UTI-only) and 10 clones in both faeces and UTI (faeces-UTI). We found that out of 10 faeces-UTI clones, 5 clones were present in the host's faeces flora.CONCLUSIONThis study revealed a high rate of resistance to the quinolone nalidixic acid and a widespread distribution of PMQR genes in MDR E. coli strains producing ESBLs. The strains represented virulence factors and phylogenetic group B2 are closely associated with abundance in UTI and faeces. However, the predominant clones in faeces were not found in UTIs and it is possible that rep-PCR is not sufficiently discriminating clones.

10 Sep 2024·Biomedicines

The Pathomechanism and Current Treatments for Chronic Interstitial Cystitis and Bladder Pain Syndrome.

Review

Author: Jhang, Jia-Fong ; Yu, Wan-Ru ; Kuo, Hann-Chorng ; Jiang, Yuan-Hong

Interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome (IC/BPS) is a chronic and debilitating condition characterized by symptoms such as bladder pain, frequent urination, and nocturia. Pain is typically perceived in the lower abdomen, pelvic floor, or urethra, causing significant discomfort and impacting quality of life. Due to the similarity of its symptoms with those of overactive bladder and acute bacterial cystitis, patients often face misdiagnosis and delayed appropriate treatment. Hunner's (HIC) and non-Hunner's IC (NHIC), each with distinct clinical presentations, urothelial dysfunction, chronic inflammation, and central sensitization and thus multimodal symptomatic treatment approaches, may be the most common pathogeneses of IC/BPS. Treatment of IC/BPS should involve identifying the different clinical phenotypes and underlying pathophysiology causing clinical symptoms and developing strategies tailored to the patient's needs. This review discusses the roles of urine biomarkers, bladder inflammation, and glycosaminoglycans in the pathogenesis of IC/BPS. Various bladder treatment modalities are explored, including glycosaminoglycan replenishment, botulinum toxin A injection, platelet-rich plasma injection, low-energy shock waves, immunosuppression, and low-dose oral prednisolone. Pelvic floor muscle physiotherapy and bladder therapy combined with psychiatric consultation can help alleviate psychological stress and enhance the quality of life of patients with IC/BPS. Elucidating the pathological mechanisms and exploring diverse treatment options would help advance the care of individuals suffering from this challenging bladder condition.

01 Aug 2024·FP essentials

Renal and Urinary Conditions: Urinary Tract Infections.

Author: Jones, Darrell Edward

Urinary tract infections (UTIs), including cystitis and pyelonephritis, are common. Each year, they account for more than 10 million outpatient visits and more than 3 million emergency department visits. Recurrent UTIs (defined as three in 1 year or two in 6 months) also are common, occurring in 20% to 30% of women. The annual incidence of UTIs is 12.1% among women and 3% among men. Cystitis symptoms include lower abdominal pain, dysuria, and urinary urgency or frequency. Escherichia coli is the most common pathogen. Cystitis often is diagnosed inappropriately when patients have asymptomatic bacteriuria (ie, positive urine culture result without symptoms). This can result in unnecessary antibiotic therapy. For uncomplicated acute cystitis in women, guidelines recommend nitrofurantoin for 5 days, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole for 3 days (if local drug-resistance rates are less than 20%), fosfomycin in a single dose, or pivmecillinam for 5 days. Effective prophylactic options for UTI include antibiotics and vaginal estrogen for postmenopausal women. Antibiotics are most effective but are associated with a risk of increased drug resistance. Patients with pyelonephritis present with costovertebral tenderness, fever, and urinary symptoms. Third-generation cephalosporins are preferred for management. Significant complications of pyelonephritis include sepsis or septic shock, obstructive pyelonephritis, emphysematous pyelonephritis, perinephric abscess, and kidney transplant rejection. For pregnant patients with pyelonephritis, hospitalization and intravenous antibiotics are indicated.

News (Medical) associated with Acute cystitis

02 May 2023

·www.biospace.com

Pathnostics Announces Publication in Research and Reports in Urology of its Interim Analysis for a Prospective Observational Study Evaluating Guidance® UTI in Patients with Complicated Urinary Tract Infections

IRVINE, Calif., May 2, 2023 /PRNewswire/ -- Pathnostics, a leading precision diagnostic testing and development company, today announced publication of data from the Company's interim analysis for a prospective observational study evaluating Guidance® UTI in patients with complicated urinary tract infections (cUTIs) in the peer-reviewed journal Research and Reports in Urology. Guidance UTI is Pathnostics' advanced diagnostic test for the rapid identification and precise treatment of complicated, recurrent and persistent urinary tract infections (UTIs) – and the only UTI diagnostic to combine PCR and Pooled Antibiotic Susceptibility Testing (P-AST™), which better address polymicrobial infections where bacterial interactions can impact antibiotic resistance. UTIs, the most common infections in the United States, account for 10.5 million physician office visits and three million emergency department visits annually, representing a major healthcare burden.1,2 In many cases, particularly cUTIs, patients require antimicrobials to treat the infection. When an individual has one or more risk factors that predispose to higher treatment failure and poor outcomes, such as persistence of UTI, increasing severity, or occurrence of complications such as urosepsis, recurrence, and perinephric abscess, the case is considered a cUTI. 3,4,5 "This peer-reviewed publication of data is an important validation of the precision diagnostics delivered through Guidance UTI to improve the quality of patient care. The findings strengthen the benefits of increased sensitivity, accelerated results for patients and healthcare providers," said Mohit Mathur, MD, Ph.D., Chief Medical Officer at Pathnostics. "While this is an interim analysis for an ongoing study, we're pleased with the significance of the results and hope to forge a new standard of care for patients who suffer from complicated UTIs." The prospective study compared patients who were treated with antibiotics after being diagnosed through Guidance UTI testing versus patients who had symptoms but were not treated using antibiotics. The data demonstrate that patients treated with antibiotics by providers who used Guidance UTI test results had improved outcomes over those who did not receive antibiotics. Analysis Highlights: Patients with cUTIs treated based on the M-PCR/P-AST diagnostic test had significantly improved symptom reduction and clinical cure rates compared to untreated patients among those with non-E. coli or polymicrobial infections. Of 264 patients with suspected cUTI, 146 (55.4%) had exclusively non-E. coli infections (115 treated and 31 untreated) and 190 (72%) has polymicrobial infections (162 treated and 28 untreated). Treated patients exhibited greater symptom reduction compared to untreated ones on day 14 for those with exclusively non-E. coli organisms (3.18 vs. 1.64, p=0.006) and polymicrobial infections (3.52 vs. 1.41, p=0.002), respectively. Higher percentages of treated patients than of untreated patients achieved clinical cure for polymicrobial infections on day 14 (58.7% vs. 36.4%, p=0.049). About Pathnostics Pathnostics is a leading precision diagnostic testing and development company providing solutions for infectious disease and cancer diagnostics that will get patients on the right path. The flagship Guidance platform of solutions leverages its proprietary and patented technology for pooled antibiotic susceptibility testing, which provides more informed treatment options and supports antibiotic stewardship initiatives. Headquartered in Irvine, Calif., Pathnostics is a company of Water Street Healthcare Partners, a strategic investor focused exclusively on the healthcare industry. For more information about the company and its portfolio of products, visit pathnostics.com. 1 Flores-Mireles AL, Walker JN, Caparon M, Hultgren SJ. Urinary tract infections: epidemiology, mechanisms of infection and treatment options. Nature reviews Microbiology. 2015;13(5):269-284. doi:10.1038/nrmicro3432 2 Simmering JE, Tang F, Cavanaugh JE, Polgreen LA, Polgreen PM. The Increase in Hospitalizations for Urinary Tract Infections and the Associated Costs in the United States, 1998-2011. Open Forum Infect Dis. 2017;4(1):ofw281. doi:10.1093/ofid/ofw281 3 Wagenlehner FME, Johansen TEB, Cai T, Koves B, Kranz J, Pilatz A, et al. Epidemiology, definition and treatment of complicated urinary tract infections. Nat Rev Urol. 2020;17(10):586-600. doi:10.1038/s41585-020-0362-4 4 A. S, Leslie SW. Complicated urinary tract infections. StatPearls [Internet]. Published online January 1, 2022. 5 Gupta K, Hooton TM, Naber KG, Wullt B, Colgan R, Miller LG, et al. International Clinical Practice Guidelines for the Treatment of Acute Uncomplicated Cystitis and Pyelonephritis in Women: A 2010 Update by the Infectious Diseases Society of America and the European Society for Microbiology and Infectious Diseases. Clin Infect Dis. 2011;52(5):e103-e120. doi:10.1093/cid/ciq257

Clinical Result

01 Sep 2022

·www.prnewswire.com

The Worldwide Urinary Tract Infection Testing Industry is Expected to Reach $765 Million by 2030

DUBLIN, Sept. 1, 2022 /PRNewswire/ -- The 'Global Urinary Tract Infection Testing Market Size, Share & Trends Analysis by Type (Urethritis, Cystitis, Pyelonephritis), by End-Use (Reference Laboratories, General Practitioners, Urologists, Urgent Care), by Region, and Segment Forecasts, 2022-2030' report has been added to ResearchAndMarkets.com's offering. The global urinary tract infection testing market is expected to reach USD 765.6 million by 2030. The UTI testing market is witnessing growth due to factors such as rising disease burden, increasing geriatric population, rapid technological advancements, and high R&D investments by key players to introduce novel & innovative products, such as self-testing & rapid Point-of-Care (PoC) devices products. Urinary tract infection is becoming a common global concern. According to research studies, UTI occurs in one in five adult women at some point in their life. In the U.S., about 25%-40% of women aged 20-40 have suffered a UTI. In the U.S., about 250,000 cases of pyelonephritis are reported every year. In women aged 18-19, its incidence is about 28/10,000, out of which 7% of cases require hospital admission. Genetic and cultural factors may influence its prevalence; for instance, in South Korea, the incidence of pyelonephritis is around 59/10,000. Its recurrence is more common than other UTIs, with the recurrence rate being 5.7% in men and 9% in women. Patients with diabetes are at increased risk of developing urinary tract infections such as acute cystitis, and therefore, the increasing global prevalence of diabetes is likely to contribute to cystitis growth. According to an NCBI article, type 2 diabetes raises UTI risk and patients with type 2 diabetes experience frequent & severe UTIs. According to the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) data from 2021, approximately 643 million individuals will have diabetes by 2030 and 783 million by 2045. Moreover, the estimated prevalence of asymptomatic bacteriuria in diabetic females is 26%, compared to 6% in nondiabetic females. Such factors are expected to boost the prevalence of cystitis globally. However, due to the rise in awareness about such diseases, the demand for specialist treatment has increased in recent years. According to the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, in the U.S., the number of practicing urologists in 2020 was 4.07 per 100,000 populations. The report further stated that due to the rise in demand, a shortage of urologists was observed, which is likely to exceed nearly 3,600 physicians by 2025. This can impede market growth in the coming years. Moreover, COVID-19 has had a detrimental impact on the industry. Individuals with UTIs have experienced substantial disruptions in testing and emergency care. Key players are introducing novel products to strengthen their portfolios. For instance, in September 2021, OpGen, Inc. announced initiating clinical trials of the Unyvero Urinary Tract Infection Panel. The panel can analyze a broad range of pathogens and antimicrobial resistance markers directly from a urine sample. Successful clinical trials and the launch of such technologically advanced & efficient products are anticipated to drive market growth over the coming years. Similarly, in July 2020, Uqora, Inc. (Pharmavite, LLC), a urinary health biotechnology company, launched a UTI diagnostic and management kit. The kit includes a rapid UTI diagnostic device, Clarify, compatible with a PoC and homecare setting. Urinary Tract Infection Testing Market Highlights Cystitis dominated the market in 2021, with an estimated market share of 41.56%. This can be attributed to the high incidence & recurrence rate of cystitis, increased number of product approvals, and the high number of diabetes patients who are more prone to cystitis The general practitioner segment held a share of 12.41% in 2021. It is the primary point of contact for most patients with UTI, and in most cases, uncomplicated UTI is diagnosed and treated by a general practitioner North America dominated the overall urinary tract infection market in terms of value. This can be attributed to better reimbursement facilities and a rise in the adoption of novel diagnostic products due to increased awareness Key Topics Covered: Chapter 1 Methodology and Scope Chapter 2 Executive Summary Chapter 3 Urinary Tract Infection Market Variables, Trends, and Scope 3.1 Penetration and Growth Prospect Mapping 3.2 Regulatory Landscape 3.3 Industry Analysis - Porter's 3.4 Consumer Behavior Analysis 3.5 PESTEL Analysis (Political & Legal, Economic, and Technological) 3.6 Epidemiology Analysis 3.7 Custom Analysis Chapter 4 Urinary Tract Infection Market: Segment Analysis, by End-Use, 2017 - 2028 (USD Million) (Volume, Units) 4.1 Urinary Tract Infection Market: End-use Movement Analysis 4.2 General Practitioners 4.2.1 General practitioners Market, 2017 - 2028 (USD Million) 4.2.2 General practitioners Market, Instruments, 2017 - 2028 (USD Million) 4.2.3 General practitioners Market, Instruments, 2017 - 2028, Volume (Units) 4.2.4 General practitioners Market, Consumables, 2017 - 2028 (USD Million) 4.2.5 General practitioners Market, Consumables, 2017-2028, Volume (Thousand Units) 4.3 Urologists 4.3.1 Urologists Market, 2017 - 2028 (USD Million) 4.3.2 Urologists Market, Instruments, 2017 - 2028 (USD Million) 4.3.3 Urologists Market, Instruments, 2017 - 2028, Volume (Units) 4.3.4 Urologists Market, Consumables, 2017 - 2028 (USD Million) 4.3.5 Urologists Market, Consumables, 2017-2028, Volume (Thousand Units) 4.4 Urogynecologists 4.4.1 Urogynecologists Market, 2017 - 2028 (USD Million) 4.4.2 Urogynecologists Market, Instruments, 2017 - 2028 (USD Million) 4.4.3 Urogynecologists Market, Instruments, 2017 - 2028, Volume (Units) 4.4.4 Urogynecologists Market, Consumables, 2017 - 2028 (USD Million) 4.4.5 Urogynecologists Market, Consumables, 2017-2028, Volume (Thousand Units) 4.5 Reference Laboratories 4.5.1 Reference Laboratories Market, 2017 - 2028 (USD Million) 4.5.2 Reference Laboratories Market, Instruments, 2017 - 2028 (USD Million) 4.5.3 Reference Laboratories Market, Instruments, 2017 - 2028, Volume (Units) 4.5.4 Reference Laboratories Market, Consumables, 2017 - 2028 (USD Million) 4.5.5 Reference Laboratories Market, Consumables, 2017-2028, Volume (Thousand Units) 4.6 AccounTable Care Organizations 4.7 Hospital Laboratories 4.7.1 Hospital Laboratories Market, 2017 - 2028 (USD Million) 4.7.2 Hospital Laboratories Market, Instruments, 2017 - 2028 (USD Million) 4.7.3 Hospital Laboratories Market, Instruments, 2017 - 2028, Volume (Units) 4.7.4 Hospital Laboratories Market, Consumables, 2017 - 2028 (USD Million) 4.7.5 Hospital Laboratories Market, Consumables, 2017-2028, Volume (Thousand Units) 4.8 Urgent Care 4.8.1 Urgent Care Market, 2017 - 2028 (USD Million) 4.8.2 Urgent Care Market, Instruments, 2017 - 2028 (USD Million) 4.8.3 Urgent Care Market, Instruments, 2017 - 2028, Volume (Units) 4.8.4 Urgent Care Market, Consumables, 2017 - 2028 (USD Million) 4.8.5 Urgent Care Market, Consumables, 2017-2028, Volume (Thousand Units) 4.9 Hospital Emergency Departments 4.9.1 Hospital Emergency Departments Market, 2017 - 2028 (USD Million) 4.9.2 Hospital Emergency Departments Market, Instruments, 2017 - 2028 (USD Million) 4.9.3 Hospital Emergency Departments Market, Instruments, 2017 - 2028, Volume (Units) 4.9.4 Hospital Emergency Departments Market, Consumables, 2017 - 2028 (USD Million) 4.9.5 Hospital Emergency Departments Market, Consumables, 2017-2028, Volume (Thousand Units) 4.10 Others 4.10.1 Others Market, 2017 - 2028 (USD Million) 4.10.2 Others Market, Instruments, 2017 - 2028 (USD Million) 4.10.3 Others Market, Instruments, 2017 - 2028, Volume (Units) 4.10.4 Others Market, Consumables, 2017 - 2028 (USD Million) 4.10.5 Others Market, Consumables, 2017-2028, Volume (Thousand Units) Chapter 5 Urinary Tract Infection Market: Segment Analysis, by Type Scope, 2017 - 2028 (USD Million) 5.1 Urinary Tract Infection Market: Type Scope Movement Analysis 5.2 Urethritis 5.2.1 Urethritis Market, 2017 - 2028 (USD Million) 5.3 Cystitis 5.3.1 Cystitis market, 2017 - 2028 (USD Million) 5.4 Pyelonephritis 5.4.1 Pyelonephritis Market, 2017 - 2028 (USD Million) Chapter 6 Urinary Tract Infection Market: Segment Analysis, By Region, 2017 - 2028 (USD Million) Chapter 7 Urinary Tract Infection Market: Competitive Analysis 7.1 Recent Developments and Impact Analysis, by Key Market Participants 7.1.1 New Product Launches 7.1.2 Mergers and Acquisitions 7.1.3 Partnerships and Strategic Collaboration 7.2 Company Categorization 7.2.1 Innovators 7.2.3 Market Leaders 7.3 Vendor Landscape 7.3.1 List of key distributors and channel partners 7.4 Key Customers 7.5 Key Company Market Share Analysis, 2020 7.6 Public Companies 7.6.1 Company market position analysis 7.6.2 Competitive Dashboard Analysis 7.6.3 Market Differentiators 7.7 Private Companies 7.7.1 List of key emerging companies 7.7.2 Regional Network Map 7.8 Company Profiles 7.8.1 QIAGEN 7.8.1.1 Company overview 7.8.1.2 Financial performance 7.8.1.3 Product benchmarking 7.8.1.4 Strategic initiatives 7.8.2 Accelerate Diagnostics, Inc. 7.8.2.1 Company overview 7.8.2.2 Financial performance 7.8.2.3 Product benchmarking 7.8.3 Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc. 7.8.3.1 Company overview 7.8.3.2 Financial performance 7.8.3.3 Product benchmarking 7.8.4 F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd. 7.8.4.1 Company overview 7.8.4.2 Financial Performance 7.8.4.3 Product Benchmarking 7.8.4.4 Strategic initiatives 7.8.5 Danaher Corporation 7.8.5.1 Company overview 7.8.5.2 Beckman Coulter 7.8.5.3 Financial Performance 7.8.5.4 Product benchmarking 7.8.5.5 Strategic initiatives 7.8.6 Siemens Healthcare GmbH 7.8.6.1 Company overview 7.8.6.2 Financial performance 7.8.6.3 Product benchmarking 7.8.6.4 Strategic initiatives 7.8.7 Randox Laboratories Ltd. 7.8.7.1 Company overview 7.8.7.2 Product benchmarking 7.8.8 Thermo Fisher Scientific, Inc. 7.8.8.1 Company overview 7.8.8.2 Financial performance 7.8.8.3 Product benchmarking 7.8.8.4 Strategic initiatives 7.8.9 bioMerieux SA 7.8.9.1 Company overview 7.8.9.2 Financial performance 7.8.9.3 Product benchmarking 7.8.9.4 Strategic initiatives 7.8.10 T2 Biosystems, Inc. 7.8.10.1 Company overview 7.8.10.2 Financial performance 7.8.10.3 Product benchmarking 7.8.10.4 Strategic initiatives For more information about this report visit Media Contact: Research and Markets Laura Wood, Senior Manager [email protected] For E.S.T Office Hours Call +1-917-300-0470 For U.S./CAN Toll Free Call +1-800-526-8630 For GMT Office Hours Call +353-1-416-8900 U.S. Fax: 646-607-1907 Fax (outside U.S.): +353-1-481-1716 Logo: SOURCE Research and Markets

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Acute cystitis

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