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Last update 23 Jan 2025

Ovarian Germ Cell Cancer

Last update 23 Jan 2025

Basic Info

Synonyms

MOGCT, Malignant Germ Cell Neoplasm of Ovary, Malignant Germ Cell Neoplasm of the Ovary

+ [24]

Introduction

An invasive malignant neoplasm that arises from the ovary and originates from primordial germ cells. Representative examples include embryonal carcinoma, yolk sac tumor, dysgerminoma, and non-gestational choriocarcinoma.

Drugs associated with Ovarian Germ Cell Cancer

Nivolumab

Target

PD-1

Mechanism

PD-1 inhibitors

Active Org.

Bristol Myers Squibb Co. [+28]

Originator Org.

Ono Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. [+1]

Active Indication

Skin Neoplasms [+489]

Inactive Indication

Acidemia, Isovaleric [+99]

Drug Highest PhaseApproved

First Approval Ctry. / Loc.

First Approval Date04 Jul 2014

Cabozantinib (s)-Malate

Target

AXL x RET x ROS1 x TYRO3 x Tie-2 x TrkB x VEGFR1 x VEGFR2 x VEGFR3 x c-Kit x c-Met

Mechanism

AXL inhibitors [+10]

Active Org.

National Cancer Institute [+16]

Originator Org.

Exelixis, Inc.

Active Indication

Thyroid Cancer [+195]

Inactive Indication

Advanced breast cancer [+44]

Drug Highest PhaseApproved

First Approval Ctry. / Loc.

First Approval Date29 Nov 2012

Ipilimumab

Target

CTLA4

Mechanism

CTLA4 inhibitors

Active Org.

Bristol-Myers Squibb Australia Pty Ltd. [+11]

Originator Org.

Bristol Myers Squibb Co.

Active Indication

Mismatch repair-deficient Colonic Cancer [+300]

Inactive Indication

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia recurrent [+90]

Drug Highest PhaseApproved

First Approval Ctry. / Loc.

First Approval Date25 Mar 2011

Clinical Trials associated with Ovarian Germ Cell Cancer

CTR20242917

/ RecruitingPhase 1

一项探索BGB-B2033单药治疗以及与替雷利珠单抗联合治疗在选定的晚期或转移性实体瘤受试者中的安全性、耐受性、药代动力学、药效学和初步抗肿瘤活性的1期研究（目前仅开展单药试验）

[Translation] A Phase 1 study exploring the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and preliminary anti-tumor activity of BGB-B2033 as monotherapy and in combination with tislelizumab in selected subjects with advanced or metastatic solid tumors (currently only monotherapy trials are being conducted)

主要目的： 1.评估BGB-B2033在晚期或转移性HCC、产生AFP的GC、性腺外卵黄囊肿瘤、非无性细胞瘤或GPC3阳性鳞状NSCLC受试者中的安全性和耐受性 2.确定BGB-B2033的MTD或MAD和RP2D

[Translation]

Primary objectives: 1. To evaluate the safety and tolerability of BGB-B2033 in subjects with advanced or metastatic HCC, AFP-producing GC, extragonadal yolk sac tumors, non-dysgerminomas, or GPC3-positive squamous NSCLC 2. To determine the MTD or MAD and RP2D of BGB-B2033

Start Date28 Aug 2024

Sponsor / Collaborator

BeiGene Guangzhou Biologics Manufacturing Co. Ltd.

NCT06329323

/ Not yet recruitingNot ApplicableIIT

SerUm and Plasma MicroRNAs in Malignant Ovarian gERm Cell Tumours

The goal of this observational case-control study is to learn about the circulating and tissue microRNA expression, imaging and radiomic profiles of malignant ovarian germ cell tumours (MOGCT) compared to patients with a benign OGCT and no ovarian pathology.
The main question[s] it aims to answer are:
To understand the circulating miRNA expression of malignant ovarian germ cell tumours (MOGCTs) compared to those with benign ovarian germ cell tumours (BOGCTs)
To understand the imaging profile of MOGCTs compared to that of BOGCTs
To establish the relationship between serum and plasma miRNA expression in response to treatment and relapse of disease
To discover if miRNA expression correlates with radiomic features of OGCTs on both ultrasound and MRI
To see if we can link the micro RNAs in tumour samples to those found in blood samples, and to find a plausible explanation for why these micro RNAs are raised (in terms of the tumour biology itself).aims
Participants will have serial blood tests at different time points in their care to assess how circulating miRNA levels are affected by treatment and/or remission and/or relapse. If they have surgery, a pathology sample will be taken from the main tumour specimen. Radiomic analysis will take place on existing ultrasound images of their mass.
Researchers will compare the circulating miRNA profile of patients with a benign ovarian germ cell tumour and no ovarian pathology to see where the differences lie. If a patient with a BOGCT requires surgery, a pathology sample will be taken from the main tumour specimen. Radiomic analysis will take place on existing ultrasound images of their benign mass.

Start Date14 Apr 2024

Sponsor / Collaborator

Imperial College London

NCT06276491

/ RecruitingPhase 1

A Phase 1, First-in-Human, Dose Escalation and Expansion Study to Evaluate the Safety and Tolerability of XmAb541 in Advanced Solid Tumors

The primary purpose of this study is to determine whether the investigational drug XmAb541 is safe and well tolerated, and to determine an optimal and safe dose(s) for further study. The study will also evaluate effect of XmAb541 on tumor outcomes.

Start Date04 Apr 2024

Sponsor / Collaborator

Xencor, Inc.

100 Clinical Results associated with Ovarian Germ Cell Cancer

100 Translational Medicine associated with Ovarian Germ Cell Cancer

0 Patents (Medical) associated with Ovarian Germ Cell Cancer

812

Literatures (Medical) associated with Ovarian Germ Cell Cancer

08 Dec 2024·Zhonghua bing li xue za zhi = Chinese journal of pathology

[Clinicopathological significance of SOX2 and FOXG1 expression patterns in ovarian immature teratomas].

Article

Author: Sun, X J ; Liu, Y ; Liu, C R

Objective: To investigate the relationship between the expression patterns of SOX2 and FOXG1 and the differentiation/development level of neural components in immature teratoma and to determine the clinical significance and potential application of this correlation in a clinical setting. Methods: We conducted a comprehensive whole transcriptome sequencing analysis to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) across various subtypes of ovarian germ cell tumors. Additionally, immunohistochemical staining of paraffin-embedded tissue sections was employed to assess the nuclear staining pattern of SOX2 and FOXG1 proteins within the tumor tissues. Results: The transcriptome sequencing data showed that transcription factors SOX2 and FOXG1 exhibited high levels of expression typically in immature teratoma and occupied a pivotal position within the protein-protein interaction network. Immunohistochemical staining revealed the absence of both SOX2 and FOXG1 protein expression in dysgerminoma and yolk sac tumor samples. In immature teratoma, immunohistochemical staining demonstrated diffuse expression of SOX2 and FOXG1 proteins within the inner layer of densely-arranged primitive neuroepithelial tubules. This pattern of expression suggested the presence of stem cell-like properties within these tumor cells. In the sparsely peripheral neurogliocytes, FOXG1 maintained a diffuse nuclear staining pattern resembling that of neuroepithelial cells, while SOX2 exhibited a scattered pattern of positive staining, hinting at a neural lineage differentiation potential. This spatial differential expression pattern of SOX2 and FOXG1 proteins in immature teratoma suggested that primitive neural components within these tumors often recapitulated the trajectory of neural formation and cortical development that was typically observed during embryogenesis. The primitive neural tube acted as the center that constantly moved from inside to outside, with a dynamic shift from the interior to the exterior, paralleled by the sequential differentiation of cell lineages from primitive neuroepithelial stem cells to radial glia, intermediate progenitor cells, and ultimately to precursor glia. Conclusions: This spatial expression pattern of SOX2 and FOXG1 proteins observed in immature teratoma mirrors the lineage differentiation and migration trajectories of primitive neuroepithelial components typically seen in embryonic neurogenesis and cortical development. In daily practice, the combined application of SOX2 and FOXG1 SOX2 and FOXG1 helps identify the primitive neuroepithelial components in immature teratoma, avoid misjudgment of similar morphologies, and thereby assist in the histological grading and clinical decision-making.

01 Dec 2024·Gynecologic Oncology Reports

Treatment of recurrent ovarian germ cell tumours: Is there a role for immune checkpoint inhibitors?

Review

Author: Bernard, Laurence

Ovarian germ cell tumours predominantly affect young women and have an excellent prognosis. While most contemporary papers concentrate on reducing treatment morbidity and preserving fertility, some women still succumb to refractory or recurrent OGCTs. Despite the significant impact of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) on many tumors, no case of a chemo-resistant ovarian germ cell tumour successfully treated with immunotherapy has been reported. In testicular cancer, only a few cases of partial response or stable disease to ICIs have been described. PD-L1 expression does not predict response, but microsatellite instability status may serve as a potential biomarker. MSI testing should be performed on a recurrent tumour sample as MSI status may evolve during treatment.

01 Dec 2024·International Journal of Gynecological Cancer

Comparison of overall and patterns of care in patients with a malignant ovarian germ cell tumor by age in the United States: a National Cancer Database (2004–2016) analysis

Article

Author: Lockley, Michelle ; Billmire, Deborah F ; Stoneham, Sara ; Sullivan, Shannon M ; Poynter, Jenny N ; Frazier, A Lindsay

BackgroundWomen aged ≥40 years diagnosed with a malignant ovarian germ cell tumor are more likely to have poor outcomes than their younger counterparts (aged 15–39 years).ObjectiveWe used the National Cancer Database (NCDB) to evaluate patterns of care and overall survival for individuals diagnosed with one of the four most common histologic subtypes of malignant ovarian germ cell tumor by age group.MethodsWe identified women aged 15–90 diagnosed with ovarian germ cell tumors in the NCDB (2004–2016). Logistic regression was used to compare patterns of care, demographic, and disease characteristics by age group. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to evaluate associations between a range of demographic, clinical, and treatment characteristics with overall survival.ResultsA total of n=2998 patients who were diagnosed with one of the four most common histologic subtypes (immature teratoma, dysgerminoma, yolk sac tumor, and mixed germ cell) of ovarian germ cell tumor were included in the analysis. Patients aged ≥40 years diagnosed with ovarian germ cell tumors were more likely to have co-morbidities, a bilateral tumor, higher stage of disease, receive chemotherapy only, and have a residual tumor after resection as compared with patients aged <40 years. Moreover, women aged ≥40 years had the highest risk of death (reference: 15–24 year olds; HR=5.37, 95% CI 3.76 to 7.66) after adjustment for demographic characteristics, tumor histology, and treatment received. In stratified analyses, women aged ≥40 years had significantly worse overall survival at each disease stage and histologic subtype.ConclusionFindings suggest that women aged ≥40 years who are diagnosed with ovarian germ cell tumors have worse overall survival than those aged <40, independent of stage, disease characteristics, and treatment. Our study highlights the need for future research to better understand reasons for poorer outcomes in women aged ≥40 years.

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