Delving into the Latest Updates on PF-06409577 with Synapse

Overview

Basic Info

Drug Type

Small molecule drug

Synonyms

PF 6409577, PF-6409577

Target

AMPK

Mechanism

AMPK agonists(AMP activated protein kinase agonists)

Therapeutic Areas

Endocrinology and Metabolic DiseaseUrogenital Diseases

Active Indication-

Inactive Indication

Diabetic Nephropathies

Originator Organization

Pfizer Inc.

Active Organization-

Inactive Organization

Pfizer Inc.

Drug Highest PhaseDiscontinuedPhase 1

First Approval Date-

Regulation-

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Structure

Molecular FormulaC19H16ClNO3

InChIKeyFHQXLWCFSUSXBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N

CAS Registry1467057-23-3

AMP‐activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a key sensor of energy balance playing important roles in the balancing of anabolic and catabolic activities. The high energy demands of the brain and its limited capacity to store energy indicate that AMPK may play a significant role in brain metabolism. Here, we activated AMPK in guinea pig cortical tissue slices, both directly with A769662 and PF 06409577 and indirectly with AICAR and metformin. We studied the resultant metabolism of [1‐13C]glucose and [1,2‐13C]acetate using NMR spectroscopy. We found distinct activator concentration‐dependent effects on metabolism, which ranged from decreased metabolic pool sizes at EC50 activator concentrations with no expected stimulation in glycolytic flux to increased aerobic glycolysis and decreased pyruvate metabolism with certain activators. Further, activation with direct versus indirect activators produced distinct metabolic outcomes at both low (EC50) and higher (EC50 × 10) concentrations. Specific direct activation of β1‐containing AMPK isoforms with PF 06409577 resulted in increased Krebs cycle activity, restoring pyruvate metabolism while A769662 increased lactate and alanine production, as well as labelling of citrate and glutamine. These results reveal a complex metabolic response to AMPK activators in brain beyond increased aerobic glycolysis and indicate that further research is warranted into their concentration‐ and mechanism‐dependent impact.image

01 Oct 2022·FEBS open bio

PF‐06409577 inhibits renal cyst progression by concurrently inhibiting the mTOR pathway and CFTR channel activity

Article

Author: Ren, Ying ; Liu, Hongli ; Yin, Long ; Guo, Dong ; Fu, Kequan ; Yuan, Haoxing ; Wang, Junqi ; Wang, Ruoqi ; Fang, Qian ; Su, Limin ; Zhang, Haoran

Renal cyst development and expansion in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) involves over‐proliferation of cyst‐lining epithelial cells and excessive cystic fluid secretion. While metformin effectively inhibits renal cyst growth in mouse models of ADPKD it exhibits low potency, and thus an adenosine monophosphate‐activated protein kinase (AMPK) activator with higher potency is required. Herein, we adopted a drug repurposing strategy to explore the potential of PF‐06409577, an AMPK activator for diabetic nephropathy, in cellular, ex vivo and in vivo models of ADPKD. Our results demonstrated that PF‐06409577 effectively down‐regulated mammalian target of rapamycin pathway‐mediated proliferation of cyst‐lining epithelial cells and reduced cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator‐regulated cystic fluid secretion. Overall, our data suggest that PF‐06409577 holds therapeutic potential for ADPKD treatment.

01 Jun 2022·DiabetologiaQ1 · MEDICINE

Opposing effects on regulated insulin secretion of acute vs chronic stimulation of AMP-activated protein kinase

Q1 · MEDICINE

Article

Author: Nguyen-Tu, Marie-Sophie ; Sakamoto, Kei ; Lopez-Noriega, Livia ; Pollard, Alice ; Chabosseau, Pauline ; Leclerc, Isabelle ; Harris, Joseph ; Schmoll, Dieter ; Carling, David ; Rutter, Guy A ; Otero, Pablo ; Georgiadou, Eleni ; Hu, Ming ; Martinez-Sanchez, Aida ; Smith, David M

Abstract:

Aims/hypothesis:

Although targeted in extrapancreatic tissues by several drugs used to treat type 2 diabetes, the role of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) in the control of insulin secretion is still debatable. Previous studies have used pharmacological activators of limited selectivity and specificity, and none has examined in primary pancreatic beta cells the actions of the latest generation of highly potent and specific activators that act via the allosteric drug and metabolite (ADaM) site.

Methods:

AMPK was activated acutely in islets isolated from C57BL6/J mice, and in an EndoC-βH3 cell line, using three structurally distinct ADaM site activators (991, PF-06409577 and RA089), with varying selectivity for β1- vs β2-containing complexes. Mouse lines expressing a gain-of-function mutation in the γ1 AMPK subunit (D316a) were generated to examine the effects of chronic AMPK stimulation in the whole body, or selectively in the beta cell.

Results:

Acute (1.5 h) treatment of wild-type mouse islets with 991, PF-06409577 or RA089 robustly stimulated insulin secretion at high glucose concentrations (p<0.01, p<0.05 and p<0.001, respectively), despite a lowering of glucose-induced intracellular free Ca2+ dynamics in response to 991 (AUC, p<0.05) and to RA089 at the highest dose (25 μmol/l) at 5.59 min (p<0.05). Although abolished in the absence of AMPK, the effects of 991 were observed in the absence of the upstream kinase, liver kinase B1, further implicating ‘amplifying’ pathways. In marked contrast, chronic activation of AMPK, either globally or selectively in the beta cell, achieved using a gain-of-function mutant, impaired insulin release in vivo (p<0.05 at 15 min following i.p. injection of 3 mmol/l glucose) and in vitro (p<0.01 following incubation of islets with 17 mmol/l glucose), and lowered glucose tolerance (p<0.001).

Conclusions/interpretation:

AMPK activation exerts complex, time-dependent effects on insulin secretion. These observations should inform the design and future clinical use of AMPK modulators.

Graphical abstract:

100 Deals associated with PF-06409577

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