Human serum albumin (HSA), an important human blood protein, plays a critical role in maintaining osmotic pressure and facilitating the transport of various substances. Abnormal HSA levels are associated with diseases like kidney disease, heart problems, diabetes, and liver damage, necessitating the development of accurate methods for HSA detection. This paper describes the design, synthesis, and evaluation of four BODIPY-based near-infrared (NIR) fluorescent probes (BD1-BD4) for the selective detection of HSA. Among the synthesized probes, BD1 demonstrated exceptional sensitivity and specificity, exhibiting a 147-fold fluorescence enhancement at 660 nm (λ_ex = 600 nm) with a Stokes shift of 60 nm. The probe achieved a low detection limit of 9.5 nM, enabling the effective quantification of HSA in complex biological samples such as human blood serum and artificial urine. Competitive binding studies using ibuprofen confirmed that BD1 binds selectively to binding site II of HSA, which was further supported by a molecular docking study. Additionally, BD1 demonstrated HSA detection with a high recovery rate in artificial urine.

20 Mar 2025·International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology

Antidepressants in the treatment of bipolar depression: commentary

Review

Author: Vázquez, Gustavo H ; Baldessarini, Ross J

AbstractBackgroundDepression is a therapeutic challenge with bipolar disorder (BD) patients and remains a major contributor to disability, comorbidity, and premature mortality. The efficacy and safety of antidepressants (ADs) for this indication remain particularly controversial, and optimally safe and effective treatment of bipolar (BP) depression remains uncertain.MethodWe summarized selected research findings on the treatment of depression in BD aimed at supporting practical guidelines for clinical treatment involving ADs.ResultsGrowing research evidence indicates that ADs are probably effective in BP depression and possibly not less than in major depressive disorder. Tolerability of antidepressant (AD) treatment is greater with type II BD (BD-2) than with type I (BD-1), particularly when ADs are combined with a mood stabilizer or antipsychotic. For BP depression, preferred ADs are serotonin-reuptake inhibitors and bupropion given in moderate doses for limited times.ConclusionsOptimal treatment of depression requires further investigation, particularly for long-term maintenance. Nevertheless, treatment for acute depressive episodes can usefully and safely include some ADs in moderate doses for limited duration, best combined with lithium, some anticonvulsants, or certain atypical antipsychotics, and more safely with BD-2 than BD-1 with close clinical supervision.

12 Dec 2024·ACS Medicinal Chemistry Letters

BODIPYS Based Fluorescent Markers To Monitor Autophagic Lysosomes and Lipid Droplets in TNBC

Article

Author: Bhatia, Dhiraj ; Siwach, Arjun ; Sabharwal, Sudhir ; Janaagal, Anu ; Gupta, Iti ; Chavda, Jaydeepsinh

Lysosomal enzymes and high accumulation of lipid droplets are associated with breast cancer. The lysosomes and lipid droplets were monitored by BODIPYs, acting as autophagy activators in cancer cells. BD-1 and BD-2 were synthesized and characterized by Mass, UV-visible, fluorescence, and NMR spectroscopies. In BODIPYs, the effect of carbazole groups was reflected by the large Stokes shifts (2143-1651 cm^-1) and red fluorescence. BODIPYs generated ROS and induced autophagy in triple negative breast cancer cells (MDA-MB-231) under white light. Confocal experiments revealed that BD-1 and BD-2 preferentially colocalized in lysosomes and lipid droplets. Autophagic lysosomes and lipid droplets released Ca²⁺ ions in the cytoplasm, which was evident with blue fluorescence of Fura-2M dye. In combination with an autophagy inhibitor, BD-1 displayed excellent photocytotoxicity (5.57 μM) on triple negative breast cancer cells under white light. This work demonstrates the potential of BODIPYs as theranostic agents for the photodynamic therapy against TNBC.

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Indication	Highest Phase	Country/Location	Organization	Date
Triple Negative Breast Cancer	Preclinical	India	Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar	13 Sep 2024

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