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A computational fluid dynamics model of combustion of nanoaluminum-water propellants is developed.An unsteady and axisym. model of strand combustion is developed to mimic the exptl. setup and conditions.The entire time evolution of strand combustion from ignition until steady-state flame propagation through the strand is simulated.A multiphase Eulerian modeling approach is adopted to handle multiple phases and the associated transport processes.The mass, momentum, species, and energy conservation equations are discretized using the Finite Volume Method.A rigorous computational framework with superior accuracy and stability characteristics is developed and implemented.The theor. and computational framework is first verified and validated by running standard test cases such as Stefan problem, fluidized bed, and constant-volume reactor.Upon verification and validation, the framework is applied to simulate combustion of stoichiometric nanoaluminum-water propellant strands.The particle size is chosen to be 80 nm and pressure range is taken as 1-10 MPa.The temporal evolutions of flow, temperature, and species composition fields are computed and insights into the underlying physicochem. processes are provided.Measurable quantities such as the burning rate and pressure exponent are computed.Both fixed bed and moving bed combustion scenarios are simulated and the effects of particle retainment in the propellant bed and particle agglomeration are studied.It is found that the multiphase flow dynamics strongly affect the burning rate and its pressure exponent.The present study suggests that the combustion of nano-aluminum and water propellants is diffusion-controlled due to agglomeration of particles.Novelty and significance statementA novel theor. and computational framework is developed to simulate nano-aluminum and water propellant strand combustion.In a paradigm shift in the modeling and simulation approach, a Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) approach is adopted to simulate strand burning experiments as closely as possible.A comprehensive multiphase model is developed to resolve all underlying physiochem. processes including boiling of liquid water, multiphase flow dynamics, chem. reactions, and thermal transport.The entire time evolution from ignition until steady-state flame propagation is simulated for an axisym. propellant strand.The study provides new insights on the underlying processes that occur during the entire time history of propellant combustion.The simulations demonstrate the importance of multiphase flow dynamics and its impact on propellant combustion.It is discovered that the pressure dependence of burning rate of nano-aluminum and water propellant is primarily due to multiphase flow dynamics and that the combustion of nano-aluminum and water propellants is diffusion-controlled due to agglomeration of particles.

01 Jul 2025·Separation and Purification Technology

A two-dimensional metal-organic framework for efficient recovery of heavy and light rare earth elements from electronic wastes

Author: Mishra, Abhijit ; Goyal, Prateek ; Chen, Xu ; Asgari, Mehrdad ; Michalik, Stefan ; Lanza, Arianna ; Fairen-Jimenez, David ; Mikulska, Iuliia ; Scatena, Rebecca ; Reza Alizadeh Kiapi, Mohammad ; Bhadane, Prathmesh ; Menon, Dhruv ; Kanta Satpathy, Biraj ; Chakraborty, Swaroop ; Lynch, Iseult ; Misra, Superb K. ; Mahato, Priya

Recycling and recovery of rare earth elements (REEs) from electronic wastes can accelerate efforts to mitigate the environmental burden associated with their excessive mining, while catering for their growing demand.Contemporary recovery strategies are yet to make an impact at an industrial scale due to low REE uptakes, complex mechanisms, and high regeneration energies, leading to an overall poor scalability.Here, we report a two-dimensional metal-organic framework (BNMG-1) featuring a dense arrangement of active adsorption sites for the high uptake of heavy and light REEs.BNMG-1 with a lateral dimension of ca. 350 nm and a thickness of 14 nm was synthesized via a facile one-pot reaction using a green solvent under room temperature and atm. pressure.The two-dimensional structure of BNMG-1 was resolved using three-dimensional electron diffraction and EXAFS anal.Batch experiments showed BNMG-1 to have an adsorption capacity of 355.8 mg g^-1 for Nd3+, 323.1 mg g^-1 for Y³⁺, 331 mg g^-1 for Dy³⁺, 329mg g-1 for Tb³⁺ and 333 mg g^-1 for Eu³⁺, which is a near-benchmark performance for a non-functionalised MOF.The adsorption efficiency for Nd³⁺ reached 99 % by 6 h and 88 % by 48 h for Y³⁺.The adsorption efficiency did not get affected over a pH range of 3 to 6 and retained > 99 % of its adsorption capacity for up to 4 cycles.For application on real-life samples, CFL lamp waste and waste magnets were used as a reservoir of heavy (Yttrium) and light (Neodymium) REEs.BNMG-1 demonstrates an efficient recovery of 57 % for Neodymium from scrap magnets and 27 % for Yttrium from waste fluorescent lamps.This performance, which is maintained under acidic conditions and over multiple cycles, highlights the competitiveness of BNMG-1 for the economic large-scale recovery of REEs.

100 Deals associated with Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar

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100 Translational Medicine associated with Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar

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Pipeline

Pipeline Snapshot as of 21 May 2025

The statistics for drugs in the Pipeline is the current organization and its subsidiaries are counted as organizations,Early Phase 1 is incorporated into Phase 1, Phase 1/2 is incorporated into phase 2, and phase 2/3 is incorporated into phase 3

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