Objective: To analyze the cost-effectiveness of administering two doses of different types of human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccines to 12-year-old female adolescents. Methods: A decision tree Markov model with genital warts and cervical cancer as target diseases was established to analyze the effects, costs, and Quality Adjusted Life Years (QALY) of strategies such as no vaccination, two doses of bivalent HPV (HPV-2), two doses of quadrivalent HPV (HPV-4), and two doses of nine-valent HPV (HPV-9) in a 12-year-old female adolescent cohort in 2023 using 50% of the procurement price or self-funded vaccination price in pilot provinces. The number of avoided cases of cervical cancer and genital warts and the incremental cost-utility ratio (ICUR) were compared between different strategies. Results: Compared with non-vaccination, female adolescents who received two doses of HPV-2, HPV-4 and HPV-9 were able to avoid 55.2% of cervical cancer cases with HPV-2, 77.11% and 78.68% of genital warts with HPV-4, and 54.99% and 73.46% of cervical cancer with HPV-9, respectively. The ICUR of strategies HPV-2, HPV-4, and HPV-9 was -28 470.44 yuan/QALY, 29 328.26 yuan/QALY and 48 106.85 yuan/QALY, respectively. HPV-2 was the most economical strategy and could achieve net cost savings. Single-factor sensitivity analysis showed that the results were robust, and the most influential factors were discount rate, vaccine prices and direct medical costs for low-grade precancerous lesions. The probability sensitivity analysis showed that compared with the national gross domestic product (GDP) per capita in 2023, the probability of cost-utility of HPV-2, HPV-4 and HPV-9 compared with non-vaccination was 99.51%, 89.03% and 67.81%, respectively. Only when the price of a single dose of HPV-4 and HPV-9 vaccines was lower than 26.12% and 20.68% of the current self-funded vaccination price, respectively, could there be a net cost saving. Conclusion: In the case where HPV-2 adopts the pilot province procurement price and the multivalent vaccine adopts a 50% self-funded vaccination price, the vaccination of 12-year-old female adolescents with HPV-2, HPV-4 and HPV-9 has cost-effectiveness, and HPV-2 is the most economical strategy.

14 Jan 2025·JAMA

Cervical Cancer Mortality Among US Women Younger Than 25 Years, 1992-2021

Article

Author: Orr, Brian C. ; Damgacioglu, Haluk ; Wentzensen, Nicolas ; Dorali, Poria ; Clarke, Megan A. ; Sonawane, Kalyani ; Deshmukh, Ashish A.

This study examines trends in cervical cancer mortality in US women aged younger than 25 years before and after the introduction of human papillomavirus vaccines.

01 Jan 2025·Therapeutic Advances in Vaccines and Immunotherapy

Knowledge, attitude, practices, and associated factors toward cervical cancer among female health sciences students of Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

Article

Author: Negash, Zenebe ; Endale, Sisay ; Delelegn, Kalkidan

Background: Cervical cancer is the most common cancer in women worldwide. Early screening and vaccination can prevent cervical cancer; however, the low levels of knowledge, attitude, and practice among the young can contribute to the high prevalence of cervical cancer. Objective: This study aimed to assess the level of knowledge, attitude, and practice of cervical cancer and associated factors among female Health Sciences students of the College of Health Sciences at Addis Ababa University. Design: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted from February 2022 to June 2022 among regular undergraduate female Health Sciences students of Addis Ababa University. Methods: Data was collected using a self-administered questionnaire and analyzed using SPSS. Results were presented using descriptive statistics and bivariate analysis was conducted to look at the existence of significant associations and determine adjusted odds ratio. Statistical significance was declared at p-value ⩽0.05. Results: The majority of the study participants were within the age range of 18–24 years. From the 305 female Health Sciences students, almost all had heard about cervical cancer and 93.4% of them reported that human papillomavirus is the causative agent. About 75% of the respondents recognized at least one possible symptom of cervical cancer. Furthermore, nearly 70% and 78.3% of the participants showed positive attitudes toward taking and recommending human papillomavirus vaccines respectively. Only 16.1% and 48.9% of the respondents have good knowledge, and a positive attitude respectively. Surprisingly only 1.6% and 0.3% of the respondents have taken the human papillomavirus vaccine and undergone cervical screening respectively. Radiography technology students are about 86% less likely to have good knowledge compared to students in other fields of study ( p = 0.04). Furthermore, year 4 and above students have significantly higher knowledge (89.2%) compared to those in years 1–3 (58%; AOR: 0.14, 95% CI: 0.05, 0.35). Conclusion: The knowledge of female Health Sciences students on cervical cancer was moderate, and about half had a positive attitude. However, their practice of human papillomavirus screening and vaccination was very low. Level of education and field of study were significantly associated with the knowledge of cervical cancer. Addressing gaps through awareness programs, and enhancing accessible health services can help empower these future health professionals.

100 Deals associated with Human Papillomavirus Vaccines(Institute of Basic Medical Sciences)

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Indication	Highest Phase	Country/Location	Organization	Date
Virus Diseases	Preclinical	United States	Stemirna Therapeutics Co., Ltd.	23 May 2023
Virus Diseases	Preclinical	China	Institute of Basic Medical Sciences	23 May 2023
Virus Diseases	Preclinical	United States	Institute of Basic Medical Sciences	23 May 2023
Virus Diseases	Preclinical	China	Stemirna Therapeutics Co., Ltd.	23 May 2023

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