Author: Namiki, Moeka ; Matsushita, Kohei ; Ogawa, Kumiko ; Takasu, Shinji ; Ishii, Yuji ; Takimoto, Norifumi ; Shibutani, Makoto ; Nakamura, Kenji ; Soma, Meili

AbstractChromosome aberrations (CAs), a genotoxic potential of carcinogens, are believed to contribute to tumorigenesis by chromosomal rearrangements through micronucleus formation. However, there is no direct evidence that proves the involvement of CAs in tumorigenesis in vivo. In the current study, we sought to clarify the involvement of CAs in chemical carcinogenesis using a rat model with a pure CA‐inducer hepatocarcinogen, acetamide. Whole‐genome analysis indicated that hepatic tumors induced by acetamide treatment for 26–30 weeks showed a broad range of copy number alterations in various chromosomes. In contrast, hepatic tumors induced by a typical mutagen (diethylnitrosamine) followed by a nonmutagen (phenobarbital) did not show such mutational patterns. Additionally, structural alterations such as translocations were observed more frequently in the acetamide‐induced tumors. Moreover, most of the acetamide‐induced tumors expressed c‐Myc and/or MDM2 protein due to the copy number gain of each oncogene. These results suggest the occurrence of chromosomal rearrangements and subsequent oncogene amplification in the acetamide‐induced tumors. Taken together, the results indicate that CAs are directly involved in tumorigenesis through chromosomal rearrangements in an acetamide‐induced hepatocarcinogenesis rat model.

14 Jul 2024·The Journal of Chemical Physics

Unraveling relationship between complex lifetimes and microscopic diffusion in deep eutectic solvents

Article

Author: Srinivasan, H. ; Mitra, S. ; Rinesh, T. ; Sharma, V. K.

Aqueous mixtures of deep eutectic solvents (DESs) have emerged as a subject of interest in recent years for their tailored physicochemical properties. However, a comprehensive understanding of water’s multifaceted influence on the microscopic dynamics, including its impact on improved transport properties of the DES, remains elusive. Additionally, the diffusion mechanisms within DESs manifest heterogeneous behavior, intricately tied to the formation and dissociation kinetics of complexes and hydrogen bonds. Therefore, it is imperative to explore the intricate interplay between bond kinetics, diffusion mechanism, and dynamical heterogeneity. This work employs water as an agent to explore their relationships by studying various relaxation phenomena in a DES based on acetamide and lithium perchlorate over a wide range of water concentrations. Notably, acetamide exhibits Fickian yet non-Gaussian diffusion across all water concentrations with Fickian (τf) and Gaussian (τg) timescales following a power-law relationship, τg∝τfγ, γ ∼ 1.4. The strength of coupling between bond kinetics and different diffusion timescales is estimated through various power-law relationships. Notably, acetamide–water hydrogen bond lifetime is linked to diffusive timescales through a single power-law over the entire water concentration studied. However, the relationship between diffusive timescales and the lifetime of acetamide–lithium complexes shows a sharp transition in behavior at 20 wt. % water, reflecting a change from vehicular diffusion below this concentration to structural diffusion above it. Our findings emphasize the critical importance of understanding bond dynamics within DESs, as they closely correlate with and regulate the molecular diffusion processes within these systems.

01 Jun 2024·Cryobiology

Development of sperm cryopreservation protocol for patin buah, Pangasius nasutus

Article

Author: Noordin, Noordiyana Mat ; Idris, Nurizzati ; Koh, Ivan Chong Chu ; Abol-Munafi, Ambok Bolong ; Abduh, Muhammad Yazed

The development of sperm cryopreservation for Pangasius nasutus is necessary in order to serve the growing demand of this species through artificial fertilization and the preservation of valuable strains of male broodstocks. In the present study, the basic protocol of sperm cryopreservation for P. nasutus was established by identifying the optimal conditions for optimum cryoprotectant, toxicity of cryoprotectants, extenders, freezing condition and dilution ratio. Methanol (MeOH) at 10% concentration had the best post-thaw motility (26.3 ± 0.9%) and curvilinear velocity (VCL) compared to dimethyl acetamide and dimethyl sulfoxide. MeOH was the least toxic cryoprotectant; sperm suspended in 5 and 10% MeOH maintained motility up to 50 min. No significant differences were detected between the three types of extenders tested (0.9% sodium chloride, Calcium-free Hanks' Balance salt solution and ringer solution). P. nasutus sperm had a narrow range of optimal cooling rate. Significantly higher post-thaw motility was identified when cooling at 9.23 °C min^-1, obtained by freezing at height of 14 cm above liquid nitrogen vapor for 7 min, showing lower cooling rate is suitable for this species. However, when cooling below and above the optimal cooling rate, post-thaw motility dropped drastically. There were no significant differences among the dilution ratios investigated, indicating the volume of cryodiluent at all tested ratios (1:9, 1:19 and 1:49) was sufficient for the protection of cells during the cryopreservation process. The development of the protocol for cryopreserved P. nasutus sperm will assist artificial seed production and provide an important tool for genetic and breeding research.

100 Deals associated with Acetamide

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KEGG	Wiki	ATC	Drug Bank
-	-	-	DB02736

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Indication	Country/Location	Organization	Date
Brain Injuries	CN	Shandong Xinhua Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.	01 Jan 1995
Cerebrovascular Disorders	CN	Shandong Xinhua Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.	01 Jan 1995

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