Last update 24 Jun 2024
Glycyrrhetinic Acid
Last update 24 Jun 2024
Overview
Basic Info
Drug Type Small molecule drug |
Synonyms Enoxolone (INN), Glycyrrhetic Acid, Glycyrrhetinic acid (JAN) + [4] |
Target |
Mechanism 11β-HSD1 inhibitors(Corticosteroid 11-beta-dehydrogenase isozyme 1 inhibitors) |
Therapeutic Areas |
Active Indication |
Inactive Indication- |
Originator Organization |
Active Organization |
Inactive Organization- |
Drug Highest PhaseApproved |
First Approval Date JP (19 Aug 1965), |
Regulation- |
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Structure
Molecular FormulaC30H46O4 |
InChIKeyMPDGHEJMBKOTSU-YKLVYJNSSA-N |
CAS Registry471-53-4 |
Related
13
Clinical Trials associated with Glycyrrhetinic AcidInvestigation of the safety and utility of topical treatment with glycyrrhetinic acid / CMC-Na ointment for oral lichen planus
Start Date08 Aug 2023 |
Sponsor / Collaborator- |
Double-blind Randomized Placebo Controlled Study on the Effect of Enoxolone ( 11-beta Hydroxysteroid-dehydrogenase Type 2 Inhibitor) on the RAAS, Autonomic and Imaging Biomarkers and the Outcome of Depression
Many different forms of depression exist. It is difficult to predict to what treatment a given patient with depression responds. Studies demonstrate that biomarkers can help to distinguish different forms of depression. Simple markers, like aldosterone/cortisol in body fluids, blood pressure and inflammation markers , have been identified as predictors of therapy resistance in depression. Enoxolone is a molecule derived from the licorice plant and has demonstrated an effect on these biomarkers, which may imply an improved response. The current randomized placebo controlled study is assessing whether the presence of markers of therapy resistance can predict a preferential effect of enoxolone vs. placebo on clinical outcome. Secondarily, it is tested whether these markers change differentially in the treatment groups. Finally, the relationship between the change of the markers and clinical change will be assessed.
Start Date23 Sep 2022 |
Sponsor / Collaborator |
Evaluation of Probiotic (L.Reuteri) Survival in Presence of Prebiotic Galacto-oligosaccharides
This research study will compare the effect of test product #1 (containing a probiotic with the Galacto-OligoSaccharides fiber. GOS) and test product #2 (containing a probiotic without the GOS fiber) to understand how they can contribute to healthy digestion in toddlers between the age of 24 - 36 months. The hypothesis is that L. reuteri from TEST#1 will demonstrate an improved survival in the GIT of toddlers compared to that of TEST#2.
This study is a single-centre, randomized, double-blind, comparator-controlled, parallel group study. The study will be conducted at the Clinical Innovation Lab (CIL) at Nestlé Research.
This study is a single-centre, randomized, double-blind, comparator-controlled, parallel group study. The study will be conducted at the Clinical Innovation Lab (CIL) at Nestlé Research.
Start Date30 Jun 2022 |
Sponsor / Collaborator |
100 Clinical Results associated with Glycyrrhetinic Acid
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100 Translational Medicine associated with Glycyrrhetinic Acid
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100 Patents (Medical) associated with Glycyrrhetinic Acid
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2,546
Literatures (Medical) associated with Glycyrrhetinic Acid01 Mar 2024·Journal of ethnopharmacology
Exploring the efficacy and mechanism of Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma in improving collagen-induced arthritis in mice
Article
Author: Lu, Bin ; Zhang, Hong ; Lin, Li ; Ji, Lili ; Wei, Mengjuan ; Ouyang, Hao ; Zhang, Jinyu
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE:
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA), a chronic auto-immune disease, will cause serious joint damage and disability. Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma (GRR) is commonly included in many anti-RA formulas used in the clinical practice in China.
AIM OF THE STUDY:
To elucidate the alleviation of GRR and its active compounds on RA and the possible engaged mechanism.
MATERIALS AND METHODS:
The clinical score, paw swelling degree and pain threshold were detected in the collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) in DBA/1 mice. The ankle joints of mice were observed by using X-Ray, hematoxylin-eosin (H&E), masson's trichrome (Masson), and safranin O and fast green (Safranin O) staining. The potential targets of GRR were predicted by network pharmacology and further verified by using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and western-blot. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (Real-time PCR) and wound healing assay were conducted in synovial MH7A cells. The interaction between active compounds and potential targets predicted by molecular docking was confirmed by using cellular thermal shift assay (CETSA).
RESULTS:
GRR (615 mg/kg) obviously alleviated CIA in mice. Network pharmacology implied that GRR might affect angiogenesis and inflammation, among which vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-6 and phosphorylated protein kinase B (AKT) might be the key targets involved in this process. GRR decreased AKT phosphorylation and reduced the elevated levels of TNFα, VEGF-A, IL-1β and IL-6. Next, in vitro results demonstrated that glycyrrhetinic acid (GA) and isoliquiritigenin (ISL) were two active compounds that inhibited TNFα-induced synovial cell angiogenesis and inflammation. Moreover, GA and ISL actually improved RA in CIA mice. The results of molecular docking and CETSA displayed that ISL and GA might interact with TNF receptor-1 (TNFR1), toll-like receptor-4 (TLR4) and VEGF receptor-2 (VEGFR2), thereby contributing to their inhibition on angiogenesis and inflammation.
CONCLUSION:
GRR and two active compounds, including ISL and GA, alleviated RA via inhibiting angiogenesis and inflammation.
01 Mar 2024·Bioresource technology
Low temperature promotes the production and efflux of terpenoids in yeast
Article
Author: Sun, Wentao ; Ma, Dongshi ; Qin, Lei ; Li, Chun ; Lin, Guangyuan
Altering the fermentation environment provides an effective approach to optimizing the production efficiency of microbial cell factories globally. Here, lower fermentation temperatures of yeast were found to significantly improve the synthesis and efflux of terpenoids, including glycyrrhetinic acid (GA), β-caryophyllene, and α-amyrin. The production of GA at 22°C increased by 5.5 times compared to 30°C. Yeast subjected to lower temperature showed substantial changes at various omics levels. Certain genes involved in maintaining cellular homeostasis that were upregulated under the low temperature conditions, leading to enhanced GA production. Substituting Mvd1, a thermo-unstable enzyme in mevalonate pathway identified by transcriptome and proteome, with a thermo-tolerant isoenzyme effectively increased GA production. The lower temperature altered the composition of phospholipids and increased the unsaturation of fatty acid chains, which may influence GA efflux. This study presents a strategy for optimizing the fermentation process and identifying key targets of cell factories for terpenoid production.
Natural product research
Two new compounds from biotransformation of glycyrrhetinic acid
Article
Author: Wei, Shaozhong ; Dekebo, Aman ; Xie, Zehao ; Hu, Xuebo ; Gu, Xinxin
Glycyrrhetinic acid may undergo biotransformation to obtain derivatives with stronger pharmacological activity and fewer side effects. This study used 19 fungi to biotransform glycyrrhetinic acid and yielded two compounds namely bicyclo(14.15.27)glycyrrhetinic acid (1) and 2-ene-glycyrrhetinic acid (2) from the glycyrrhetinic acid metabolites of two fungi, Botrytis cinerea B05.10 ATCC 11542 and Aspergillus ochraceopetaliformis ATCC 12066. Compound 1 inhibited HMEC-1 cell proliferation in a concentration-dependent manner (IC50=239.1 µ M), but showed no significant cytotoxicity to A549 cells.
11
News (Medical) associated with Glycyrrhetinic Acid25 Oct 2022
XI'AN, China, Oct. 25, 2022 /PRNewswire/ -- Although medicine and pharmacology have tremendously progressed over the past few decades, there are still no effective treatment options for certain complex diseases, including cancer, diabetes, and hepatic fibrosis. Researchers, however, continue to reveal mechanisms contributing to the development of these diseases, as well as potential drug targets, helping us develop better therapies. The latest issue of the Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis features three articles on cutting-edge research targeting challenging diseases.
The first study, published in Volume 12, Issue 4 of the journal in August 2022, was conducted by researchers from China and Singapore. They focused on 18beta-glycyrrhetinic acid (18β-GA), a compound naturally occurring in the plant Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch, whose root is widely used in traditional Asian medicine to treat hepatic diseases. Through multiple experiments, they demonstrated that 18β-GA can induce cell death in hepatic stellate cells, which are drivers of hepatic fibrosis, by targeting the antioxidants peroxiredoxin 1 and 2 and triggering oxidative stress in the cells. This has important medical implications, as the researchers commented: "Our findings provide strong evidence for the further development of 18β-GA as a therapeutic drug for the treatment of hepatic fibrosis. Understanding the underlying mechanisms of disease development have helped develop better therapeutics for liver diseases, which lead to almost 2 million deaths worldwide every year."
In the second article, a review which was published in Volume 12, Issue 4 of the journal in August 2022, researchers from India summarized the latest knowledge on the role of human islet amyloid polypeptide (hIAPP) in the progression of type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The misfolding and aggregation of hIAPP into amyloid fibrils in the pancreas is one of the pathological hallmarks of T2DM and understanding why it happens, how it affects pancreatic cells, and how it can be stopped or reverted is essential in the context of T2DM. "Designing drugs that prevent hIAPP aggregation or that can eliminate already formed amyloid aggregates would likely help in the management of T2DM. Moreover, these drugs could be repurposed in the future for targeting other protein-misfolding disorders because of the common mechanism underlying these pathologies," the researchers remarked.
In the final study, published in Volume 12, Issue 4 of the journal in August 2022, researchers from China screened 43 fluoroquinolone derivatives and tested them as microRNA-21 inhibitors to find a promising anti-cancer compound. Many types of tumor cells overexpress microRNA-21, making it a potential drug target in cancer therapy. Out of all the compounds tested, one named 'A36' proved to be the best microRNA-21 inhibitor. Cell culture experiments showed that A36 produced many of the outcomes that one would hope for in a cancer drug. "At the cellular level, A36 displayed moderate antiproliferative activity against six tumor cell lines, significantly induced apoptosis, arrested cell division, and inhibited colony formation of cancer cells, but exhibited no cytotoxic effects in healthy cell lines," the researchers highlighted.
In summary, these studies help explain the pathogenesis of complex diseases like diabetes, cancer, and liver fibrosis while exploring new approaches of treatment and drug targets. Further research in this field will eventually help doctors treat people who suffer from these complex diseases.
Reference
DOI:
Title of original paper: 18beta-glycyrrhetinic acid induces ROS-mediated apoptosis to ameliorate hepatic fibrosis by targeting PRDX1/2 in activated HSCs
Journal: Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis
Contact:
Fen Qiu
+86-131-5206-8068
347162@email4pr.com
21 Jun 2021
New York, US, June 21, 2021 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- The global electric bus charging system market is expected to reach from USD 945.3 million in 2019 to USD 2185 million in 2029 as per a new research report by Straits Research. The electric bus charging system market is anticipated to witness significant growth due to the increasing demand for electric vehicles. There is a surge in the utilization of electric bus charging system, owing to the decreasing cost of batteries. The growing efforts to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, along with the rise in favorable government regulations have surged its application across the globe.
However, the lack of necessary infrastructure and the lack of present resources to meet electricity demand hampers the growth of the market. The electric bus charging system market size is expected to grow USD 2185 million in 2029, with a CAGR of 13.9% in the forecast period 2021 to 2029.
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Onboard Charging Segment Caters to the Maximum Share in the Electric Bus Charging System MarketThe global electric bus charging system market has been segmented majorly on the basis of charging type, battery type, charging platform, and region. Based on charging type, the market is segmented into on-board charging and off-board charging.
Based on battery type market is segmented into lithium iron phosphate, nickel cobalt manganese lithium-ion, and others.
Based on charging platform, electric bus charger manufacturers, EV bus manufacturers, Canadian, Chinese electric bus manufacturers, and electric bus charging station cost is segmented majorly impacted on the market.
COVID-19 Impact on Automobile Industry
The pandemic wreaked havoc on all primary sectors when there was a temporary shutdown of all the events. Industries, such as construction, automobile and aviation, and aerospace and defense, were among the hit majorly, and the damages suffered by companies due to temporary shutdowns impaired production capability, restricting new deployments. Apart from this, the consequences of COVID-19, such as lockdown and social distancing, significantly decreased the automobile sales of electric vehicles and electric bus charging system. In addition, most main players have successfully strategized with other companies and increased their R&D activities to deploy new, effective, hybrid bus, electric bus, and inexpensive solutions.
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Recent Developments
China, India, Japan, and South Korea to Develop Their Charging Infrastructure to Boost the Use of Electric Vehicles (EV)
Regionally, Asia-Pacific dominates the electric bus charging system market on account of the rapid technological advancements, presence of industry leaders, and favorable government regulations. Europe is considered a thriving market across the globe and is anticipated to exhibit the fastest growth due to the high adoption of EV by the European countries, massive investments, and the deployments of the latest technology view the details on the regional analysis.
Get Regional Analysis and Trends @ Detailed Table of Content
1 Introduction2 Clinical Management Systems Methodology2.1 Primary Research2.2 Research Methodology2.3 Assumptions & Exclusions2.4 Secondary Data Sources3 Market Overview
3.1 Report Segmentation & Scope3.2 Value Chain Analysis: Electric Bus Charging System Market3.3 Key Market Trends3.3.1 Drivers3.3.2 Restraints3.3.3 Opportunities3.4 Porter’s Five Forces Analysis 3.7 Impact of COVID-19 on Electric Bus Charging System Market4 Charging Type Overview
4.1 Introduction4.2 On board charging4.3 Off board charging5 Battery Type Overview
5.1 Introduction5.2 Lithium iron phosphate5.3 Nickel cobalt manganese lithium-ion5.4 Others6 Charging Platform Overview
6.1 Introduction6.2 Depot charging (Plug based)6.3 Opportunity based charging 7 Regional Overview7.1 Introduction7.2 North America7.3 Europe7.4 Asia-Pacific8 Company Profile8.1 ABB8.2 ALSTOM8.3 Furrer+Frey AG.8.4 Heliox8.5 PROTERRA8.6 Siemens8.7 Others
The EV sales had been increased by a whopping 63 % in 2017 as compared to 2016. By 2040, it has been estimated that the number of EVs to reach 35% of all vehicles. This is mainly attributed to the steep reduction in the cost of battery technology and decarbonized policies of governments worldwide. As per the Bloomberg New Energy Finance estimates, the sale of electric buses is expected to reach 1.25 million units by 2025. Electric Bus Charging System Market: Information by Charging Type, Battery Type (Lithium Iron Phosphate), Charging Platform (Depot Charging), and Region — Forecast till 2029
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Wireless Car Charging Market: Information by Charging Type (Dynamic Wireless Charging Systems), Vehicle Type (Hybrid Electric Cars), and Technology, and Region — Forecast till 2029
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Battery Management IC Market: Information by Type (Battery Charger IC, Fuel Gauge IC, and Authentication IC), Application (Healthcare and Automotive), and Region — Forecast till 2029
About Straits Research
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16 Jun 2021
Pune, India, June 16, 2021 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- The global metallic powder coating market size is expected to experience considerable growth by reaching USD 2.91 billion by 2028 while exhibiting a CAGR of 6.5% between 2021 and 2028. Fortune Business Insights in its report, titled “Metallic Powder Coating Market Size, Share & COVID-19 Impact Analysis, By Resin Type (Epoxy Polyester, Polyester, Epoxy, Polyurethane, and Others), By Process (Bonding, Dry Blending, and Co-Extrusion), By Pigment (Aluminum, Mica, and Others), By Application (Architectural, Automotive, Appliance, Furniture, Leisure Equipment, and Others), and Regional Forecast, 2021-2028.”, mentions that the market stood at USD 1.75 billion in 2020. The increasing demand for eco-friendly powder coatings worldwide is expected to propel the market’s growth in the forthcoming years.
The drastic effect of the global pandemic, COVID-19, has been felt across several economies facing unprecedented loss. The lockdown imposed by the government agencies has led to several industries facing halted industrial operations. However, a collective effort from the government and the industries is likely to bring the economy back on track and aid in the resumption of industrial activities.
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Market Segmentation:
Based on the resin type, the market is classified into epoxy polyester, polyester, epoxy, polyurethane, and others.
On the basis of resin type, the epoxy polyester segment is anticipated to hold significant global metallic powder coatings market share in the forthcoming years. This is owing to the several benefits of epoxy polyester such as high chemical and corrosion tolerance to ant powder and wide availability of the product worldwide.
Based on the process, the market is trifurcated into bonding, dry blending, and co-extrusion. On the basis of pigment, the market is divided into aluminum, mica, and others. Furthermore, based on application, the market is segmented into architectural, automotive, appliance, furniture, leisure equipment, and others. Lastly, on the basis of region, the market is segregated into Asia-Pacific, Europe, North America, Latin America, and the Middle East and Africa.
What does the Report Provide?
The global market report provides an in-depth analysis of several factors such as the key drivers and restraints that will impact growth. Additionally, the report provides insights into the regional analysis that covers different regions, contributing to the growth of the market. It includes the competitive landscape that involves the leading companies and the adoption of strategies by them to introduce new products, announce partnerships, and collaboration that will further contribute to the market growth. Moreover, the research analyst has adopted several research methodologies such as PESTEL and PORTER’s Five Point Analysis to obtain information about the current trends and industry developments that will drive the market growth in the forthcoming years.
DRIVING FACTORS
Increasing Demand for Eco-friendly Coatings to Augment Growth
According to the American Lung Association, volatile organic compounds (VOCs) that are present in coatings, paints, adhesives, etc., can lead to adverse health effects such as nausea, difficulty to breathe, irritation of eyes, throat, and nose, among others. Moreover, ozone pollution due to excessive adoption of such compounds is leading to air pollution worldwide. Therefore, to reduce the harmful effect of solvent-based coatings, there is a high demand for eco-friendly coatings across several industrial applications. These coatings are manufactured without using petroleum solvents and do not emit toxic VOCs. Moreover, they comply with environmental standards and their growing adoption is expected to contribute to the global metallic powder coating market growth in the forthcoming years.
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REGIONAL INSIGHTS
Asia-Pacific to Remain Dominant; Rising Automotive Sector to Aid Growth
Among all the regions, Asia-Pacific is expected to remain at the forefront and hold the highest position in the market in the forthcoming years. This is attributable to the rising automotive and electronics industries in countries such as Thailand, China, South Korea, India, and Taiwan. According to Reuters, the overall vehicle sales in China in December 2020 reached around 2.83 million vehicles, a gradual rise of over 6.4% compared to the same period last year. Asia Pacific stood at USD 0.90 billion in 2020.
The market in North America is expected to showcase considerable growth backed by the growing awareness regarding the adverse effects of solvent-based coatings that is expected to boost the adoption of eco-friendly metallic powder coatings in the region between 2021 and 2028.
COMPETITIVE LANDSCAPE
Contract Signing by Major Companies to Expand Their Product Portfolio and Boost Sales Revenue
The market comprises small, medium, and large companies striving to maintain their presence by signing strategic contracts with government agencies and private companies to expand their metallic powder coatings product portfolio. Moreover, other key players are adopting strategies such as merger and acquisition, the introduction of new products, partnership, and facility expansion that will favor the growth of the market in the forthcoming years.
List of the Companies Operating in the Global Market for Metallic Powder Coatings:
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Key Industry Development:
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Acquisition
100 Deals associated with Glycyrrhetinic Acid
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External Link
| KEGG | Wiki | ATC | Drug Bank |
|---|---|---|---|
| D00156 | Glycyrrhetinic Acid |
R&D Status
10 top approved records. to view more data
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| Indication | Country/Location | Organization | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Eczema | JP | 19 Aug 1965 | |
| Neurodermatitis | JP | 19 Aug 1965 | |
| Pruritus | JP | 19 Aug 1965 |
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Clinical Result
Clinical Result
Indication
Phase
Evaluation
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| Study | Phase | Population | Analyzed Enrollment | Group | Results | Evaluation | Publication Date |
|---|
Phase 4 | 377 | (Docosahexaenoic Acid + Arachidonic Acid) | rjmfumalfo(wtqivqwyua) = biqtzviorc gqxydxruje (hnhnarusvw, lymhmbrogy - bvokqubwnw) View more | - | 24 May 2019 | ||
Placebo (Placebo) | rjmfumalfo(wtqivqwyua) = chhapbquhl gqxydxruje (hnhnarusvw, nhkltfwqxx - fpbifooray) View more | ||||||
Phase 2 | 141 | (rs174535 (GG), Fish Oil Supplements) | pwuwvqesyj(butbcmdokg) = rtvwbhjxrx tsjywhllmv (wyhsguwkag, novfoosaty - iufxhlqzli) View more | - | 08 May 2018 | ||
Oleic Acid (rs174535 (GG), Placebo) | pwuwvqesyj(butbcmdokg) = yogvkxscvg tsjywhllmv (wyhsguwkag, jxnpypxppn - faqdlcatpk) View more |
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