New 1,4‐Dihydropyridines Down‐regulate Nitric Oxide in Animals with Streptozotocin‐induced Diabetes Mellitus and Protect Deoxyribonucleic Acid against Peroxynitrite Action

Q3 · MEDICINE

Article

Author: Sokolovska, Jelizaveta ; Boucher, Jean‐Luc ; Sjakste, Nikolajs ; Isajevs, Sergejs ; Leonova, Elina ; Baumane, Larisa ; Sjakste, Tatjana ; Rostoka, Evita

AbstractDiabetes mellitus (DM) and its complications cause numerous health and social problems throughout the world. Pathogenic actions of nitric oxide (NO) are responsible to a large extent for development of complications of DM. Search for compounds regulating NO production in patients with DM is thus important for the development of pharmacological drugs. Dihydropyridines (1,4‐DHPs) are prospective compounds from this point of view. The goals of this study were to study the in vivo effects of new DHPs on NO and reactive nitrogen and oxygen species production in a streptozotocin (STZ)‐induced model of DM in rats and to study their ability to protect DNA against nocive action of peroxynitrite. STZ‐induced diabetes caused an increase in NO production in the liver, kidneys, blood and muscles, but a decrease in NO in adipose tissue of STZ‐treated animals. Cerebrocrast treatment was followed by normalization of NO production in the liver, kidneys and blood. Two other DHPs, etaftorone and fenoftorone, were effective in decreasing NO production in kidneys, blood and muscles of diabetic animals. Furthermore, inhibitors of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and an inhibitor of xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR) decreased NO production in kidneys of diabetic animals. Treatment with etaftorone decreased expression of inducible NOS and XOR in kidneys, whereas it increased the expression of endothelial NOS. In vitro, the studied DHPs did not significantly inhibit the activities of NOS and XOR but affected the reactivity of peroxynitrite with DNA. These new DHPs thus appear of strong interest for treatment of DM complications.

01 Feb 2014·Journal of physiology and pharmacology : an official journal of the Polish Physiological Society

The role of external Ca²⁺ in the action of Ca²⁺-channel agonists and antagonists on isolated human thoracic arteries.

Article

Author: Garaliene, V ; Giedraitis, S ; Barsys, V ; Benetis, R ; Krauze, A

In systemic atherosclerosis develops the abnormal vascular tone which is associated with elevated calcium influx into smooth muscle cells and their calcification that may be proportional to the extent and severity of atherosclerotic disease. The goal of the present study was to investigate the responses of isolated human arterial samples to Ca²⁺-channel agonists and antagonists by varying the external Ca²⁺ concentration. Two dihydropyridine type calcium-channel blockers, amlodipine and cerebrocrast, were used in this study. The benzodiazepine-type calcium-channel blocker diltiazem, the benzimidazole derivative 1-acetyl-5,6-dimethoxy-2-methylthiobenzimidazole and 3,4'-bipyridine derivative milrinone were also used. Experiments were carried out on isolated human thoracic artery samples obtained from 74 patients, aged 38-88 years, during conventional myocardial revascularisation operations. The contraction of artery samples was recorded using an iFOT10 force transducer. Cumulative concentration-contraction curves of the tested agents (10⁻⁷ to 10⁻⁴ M) were established by varying the external Ca²⁺ concentration from 0.9 mM to 2.7 mM. Cerebrocrast, regardless of the Ca²⁺ concentration significantly increased arterial contraction, particularly at the lower Ca²⁺ (≈77%). Diltiazem, the benzimidazole derivative and milrinone caused the artery samples to relax at 10⁻⁴ M concentrations by 55%, 55% and 44%, respectively, when the external Ca²⁺ corresponded to the physiological standard. Shifting to lower or higher Ca²⁺ concentrations significantly altered the response of vessel samples by increasing their contraction. In conclusion, the present study shows that the response of isolated human thoracic artery samples to both the slow calcium channel suppressant diltiazem and to agonists of that channel (milrinone and the benzimidazole derivative) is regulated by the amount of calcium present in the physiological solution. Treatment with a slow calcium channel inhibitor, the 1,4-dihydropyridine derivative cerebrocrast, resulted in a response that was independent of the external Ca²⁺ concentration.

01 May 2012·Pharmacological ReportsQ4 · MEDICINE

Action of calcium antagonists and agonists on isolated human thoracic arteries used for coronary artery bypass grafting

Q4 · MEDICINE

Article

Author: Vygantas Barsys ; Vida Garaliene ; Rimantas Benetis ; Povilas Jakuška

BACKGROUNDThe goal of this study was to investigate the modulation of the contraction-relaxation effects in isolated human thoracic artery samples of three calcium-channel antagonists, amlodipine (CAS [88150-42-9]), cerebrocrast (CAS [118790-71-9]) and diltiazem (CAS [42399-41-7]), and two calcium-channel agonists, CGP 28392 (CAS [89289-93-0]) and benzimidazole derivative. To estimate the endothelial function of the artery samples, carbachol, an agonist of muscarinic receptors, was used.METHODSThe experiments were conducted on isolated human thoracic artery samples, and their isometric contractions were recorded using an i-FOT10 force transducer. Cumulative concentration-contraction curves of the tested agents (10(-7) to 10(-4) M) were established.RESULTSCarbachol at concentrations of 10(-7) to 10(-6) M did not cause any relaxation of artery rings precontracted by 10(-4) M phenylephrine, and at concentrations of 10(-5) and 10(-4) M, isometric contractions increased by 7% and 20%, respectively. In response to amlodipine, cerebrocrast and CGP28392, the contraction of artery samples increased significantly, whereas diltiazem and benzimidazole derivative caused their relaxation by ≈55%.CONCLUSIONThe obtained data indicate that the endothelium of the thoracic artery, which is used for coronary artery bypass grafting, is damaged by and may have some influence on the inadequate response of 1,4-dihydropyrine type calcium-channel antagonists.

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Indication	Highest Phase	Country/Location	Organization	Date
Cognition Disorders	Phase 2	-	Latvijas Organiskas Sintezes Instituts	-
Vasospasm, Intracranial	Phase 2	-	Latvijas Organiskas Sintezes Instituts	-

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