Delving into the Latest Updates on Alanylglutamine with Synapse

Overview

Basic Info

Drug Type

Synthetic peptide

Synonyms

(D-Glu)-isomer-alanylglutamine, Ala-Gln, Alany Glutamine

+ [15]

Target

IL-17

Action

modulators

Mechanism

IL-17 modulators(Interleukin-17 modulators), Amino acid modulators

Therapeutic Areas

Congenital DisordersEndocrinology and Metabolic DiseaseUrogenital Diseases+ [1]

Active Indication

Glutamine Deficiency, CongenitalKidney Failure, ChronicPeritoneal Fibrosis

Inactive Indication

Dietary SupplementPeritonitisulcerative oral mucositis due to radiation

Originator Organization

Fresenius Kabi AG

Active Organization

Fresenius SE & Co. KGaA

VUmc

Zytoprotec GmbH

Inactive Organization

Ajinomoto Co., Inc.Beijing Suliman Medicine & Technology Co. Ltd.

Filament BioSolutions, Inc.

+ [1]

License Organization-

Drug Highest PhaseApproved

First Approval Date

Germany (01 Apr 1995)

RegulationOrphan Drug (United States)

Login to view timeline

Structure/Sequence

Molecular FormulaC8H15N3O4

InChIKeyHJCMDXDYPOUFDY-WHFBIAKZSA-N

CAS Registry39537-23-0

Glutamine availability may be reduced in chronic diseases, such as type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM)-induced by obesity. Herein, the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and lipid metabolism effects of chronic oral glutamine supplementation in its free and dipeptide form were assessed in ob/ob mice. Adult male C57BL/6J ob/ob mice were supplemented with L-alanyl-L-glutamine (DIP) or free L-glutamine (GLN) in the drinking water for 40 days, whilst C57BL/6J Wild-type lean (WT) and control ob/ob mice (CTRL) received fresh water only. Plasma and tissue (skeletal muscle and liver) glutamine levels, and insulin resistance parameters (e.g., GTT, ITT, insulin) were determined. Oxidative stress (e.g., GSH system, Nrf2 translocation), inflammatory (e.g., NFkB translocation, TNF-α gene expression) and lipid metabolism parameters (e.g., plasma and liver triglyceride levels, SRBP-1, FAS, ACC, and ChRBP gene expression) were also analyzed. CTRL ob/ob mice showed lower glutamine levels in plasma and tissue, as well as increased insulin resistance and fat in the liver. Conversely, chronic DIP supplementation restored glutamine levels in plasma and tissues, improved glucose homeostasis and reduced plasma and liver lipid levels. Also, Nrf2 restoration, reduced NFkB translocation, and lower TNF-α gene expression was observed in the DIP group. Interestingly, chronic free GLN only increased muscle glutamine stores but reduced overall insulin resistance, and attenuated plasma and liver lipid metabolic biomarkers. The results presented herein indicate that restoration of body glutamine levels reduces oxidative stress and inflammation in obese and T2DM ob/ob mice. This effect attenuated hepatic lipid metabolic changes observed in obesity.

01 Apr 2025·The Journal of Nutrition

Clostridioides difficile infection in aged mice decreases memory function, which can be protected with alanyl-glutamine supplementation

Article

Author: Tora, Ayesha E ; Goldbeck, Sophia M ; Costa, Deiziane V S ; Whitt, Caroline C ; Warren, Cirle A ; Yang, Suemin E ; Shin, Jae H

BACKGROUNDAdults above age 65 face higher risk of both Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) and dementia. CDI in the elderly may exacerbate functional and cognitive impairments. Current CDI treatment options are limited. Alanyl-glutamine (AQ) is a dipeptide shown to decrease C. difficile toxin effects in vitro and in vivo.OBJECTIVEWe tested the potential benefits of AQ on the clinical outcomes and cognitive impairment in the aged mouse model of CDI treated at various timings of AQ and vancomycin treatment.METHODSC57BL/6 retired breeder (9 months) and aged (18 months) mice were treated with AQ-supplemented water as a two-week pretreatment or continuously. The mice underwent a standard CDI protocol (VPI10463) and treated, or not, with vancomycin. Disease severity was tracked for 14 days, then Novel Object Recognition (NOR) tests for acute memory were performed. Hippocampal tissues were assayed for molecular markers.RESULTSNOR testing confirmed CDI-induced cognitive impairment (p=0.0352). AQ pretreatment had mild neuroprotective effects during CDI. Mice treated with vancomycin and continuous AQ had better clinical scores and better memory performance than vancomycin controls (p=0.0286). Continuous AQ treatment, when used alone or paired with vancomycin, offered protection against CDI-induced cognitive impairment. The mechanism of CDI-induced memory impairment remains unclear, but infected mice had elevated synaptobrevin-2 (p=0.0396) and NCAM (p=0.008) compared to uninfected controls on day 14 post-infection.CONCLUSIONSOur findings suggest that neuroinflammation and memory loss occur during CDI that may be ameliorated by AQ supplementation. AQ supplementation may have both neurological and intestinal protective effects during CDI treatment.

01 Mar 2025·Fish & Shellfish Immunology

Protection of glutamine: The NF-κB/MLCK/MLC2 signaling pathway mediated by tight junction affects oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis in snakehead (Channa argus)

Article

Author: Niu, Xiao-Tian ; Wu, Xue-Qin ; Wan, Ji-Wu ; Wang, Gui-Qin ; Peng, Si-Bo ; Kong, Yi-di ; Liu, Hong-Jian ; Chen, Xiu-Mei ; Chang, Yue ; Yang, Zhi-Nan ; Li, Min

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) destroys intestinal mechanical barrier and causes apoptosis by triggering oxidative stress and inflammatory responses. Glutamine (Gln) can maintain normal intestinal function under various stressed or pathological conditions. Thereby, this study aims to evaluate the protection of glutamine on intestinal health of snakehead (Channa argus), specifically regarding the NF-κB/MLCK/MLC2 signaling pathway mediated by tight junction affecting oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis. In this work, a model of intestinal tight junction injury in intestine of snakehead was constructed by injecting 4 mg/mL LPS into anus for 96 h. Before constructing the model, fish were treated with different levels of alanyl-glutamine (Ala-Gln) (0 %, 0.3 %, 0.6 %, 0.9 %, 1.2 % and 1.5 %) for 56 days. Microstructure and ultra microstructure showed that LPS-induced obvious intestinal damage and tight connection destruction, while Gln effectively alleviated these phenomena. In addition, results also showed that Gln can effectively inhibit LPS-induced damage to intestinal tight junction (zo-1, occludin, claudin5, claudin1, nf-κb p65, mlck and mlc2), alleviate oxidative stress (nrf2, sod, gsh, gpx and cat), ameliorate intestinal inflammation (tnf-α, il-1β, il-8, tlr5 and tlr2), thereby reduce apoptosis (p38mapk, caspase9, caspase8, caspase3 and bax). Crucially, the above results were related to NF-κB/MLCK/MLC2 signaling pathway mediated by tight junction. In conclusion, Gln has a good protective effect on LPS-induced intestinal injury in northern snakehead, providing a new perspective for regulating fish intestinal health.

100 Deals associated with Alanylglutamine

Login to view more data

External Link

KEGG	Wiki	ATC	Drug Bank
-	-	B05XB02	DB11876

R&D Status

Approved

10 top approved records.

Login

to view more data

Indication	Country/Location	Organization	Date
Glutamine Deficiency, Congenital	China	Fresenius SE & Co. KGaA	03 Apr 1999

Developing

10 top R&D records.

Login

to view more data

Indication	Highest Phase	Country/Location	Organization	Date
Kidney Failure, Chronic	Phase 2	Austria	Zytoprotec GmbH	16 Mar 2022
ulcerative oral mucositis due to radiation	Preclinical	United States	Filament BioSolutions, Inc.	10 Jul 2018
ulcerative oral mucositis due to radiation	Preclinical	Japan	Ajinomoto Co., Inc.	10 Jul 2018
Peritoneal Fibrosis	Preclinical	Netherlands	VUmc	03 Nov 2015
Peritonitis	Preclinical	Austria	Zytoprotec GmbH	02 Jun 2014
Dietary Supplement	Preclinical	China	Beijing Suliman Medicine & Technology Co. Ltd.	-
Dietary Supplement	Preclinical	China	Academy of Military Medical Sciences	-

Login to view more data

Clinical Result

Indication

Phase

Evaluation

View All Results

Study	Phase	Population	Analyzed Enrollment	Group	Results	Evaluation	Publication Date


NCT04560309 (CTgov)	Phase 3	Coronary Artery Disease	60	L-alanyl-L-glutamine dipeptide (Glutamine)	fyojnjuubv(pghxixwhhg) = kdjqfkjtph qezslhydez (aeimfvmtvv, xpzqfxkfoh - kqqcacemjq) View more	-	13 Nov 2023
				Placebo (Control)	fyojnjuubv(pghxixwhhg) = hotalonqvn qezslhydez (aeimfvmtvv, lbkycgqpou - lxsbwyjgrh) View more
NCT02053350 (CTgov)	Phase 2	Clostridium difficile infection	7	Alanyl-glutamine	wxvkizswau(eqebhwdmuu) = toxbqvftlz aberfqughx (wfafydswqs, syfnuatmjv - obgpnxdklw) View more	-	07 Jun 2022
ERA2017	Not Applicable	-	-	ALANYLGLUTAMINE (Peritoneal Dialysis Fluid (PDF))	vlmnqsydov(sockuuarwz) = qjxbswzyqb ppnhsnhyfy (nvmhwbzmja )	-	26 May 2017
				Peritoneal Dialysis Fluid (PDF) + Alanyl-Glutamine (AlaGln)	vlmnqsydov(sockuuarwz) = ehnhpvchsy ppnhsnhyfy (nvmhwbzmja )
EUCTR2012-004004-36-AT (ASN2015)	Not Applicable	Peritoneal dialysis-associated peritonitis peritoneal leukocyte immuno-competence \| peritoneal leukocyte transcriptome status	6	Alanyl-Glutamine (Standard PD fluid (Physioneal40 3.86%, Baxter))	qqwkzeoezn(bsdijdtalc) = iqhzxlvbkx sbzkrjhbty (harltpxqux )	Positive	03 Nov 2015
				AlaGln-supplemented PD fluid	qqwkzeoezn(bsdijdtalc) = ppullhgezi sbzkrjhbty (harltpxqux )
NCT00248638 (GLND, CTgov)	Phase 3	Critical Illness	150	15% Clinisol (Glutamine Dipeptide)	tgedjcapea(cwuxxdoumu) = whnitokgmz nohhjrnvak (ielytsithq, oszkwzqfir - otjzdvhfqr) View more	-	13 Feb 2014
				15% Clinisol (Standard)	tgedjcapea(cwuxxdoumu) = oserfnjica nohhjrnvak (ielytsithq, qwxqtvokbi - qjjedwwigt) View more

Login to view more data

Translational Medicine

Boost your research with our translational medicine data.

login

or

view full example data

Boost your research with our translational medicine data.

Deal

Boost your decision using our deal data.

login

or

view full example data

Boost your decision using our deal data.

Core Patent

Boost your research with our Core Patent data.

login

or

view full example data

Boost your research with our Core Patent data.

Clinical Trial

Identify the latest clinical trials across global registries.

login

or

view full example data

Identify the latest clinical trials across global registries.

Approval

Accelerate your research with the latest regulatory approval information.

login

or

view full example data

Accelerate your research with the latest regulatory approval information.

Biosimilar

Competitive landscape of biosimilars in different countries/locations. Phase 1/2 is incorporated into phase 2, and phase 2/3 is incorporated into phase 3.

login

or

view full example data