Folitixorin Calcium

The integration of microorganisms and photosensitizers presents a promising approach to chem. production utilizing solar energy.However, the current system construction process remains complex.Herein, we introduce a straightforward and efficient solar-to-chem. conversion system that combines the dissolved photosensitizer Eosin Y with the non-photosynthetic bacterium Moorella thermoacetica.Under light radiation, acetate production increased to 5.1 μM h^-1 μM^-1 catalyst, exceeding the previously reported maximum by 5.9-fold, with a quantum efficiency of 17.6%.The soluble photosensitizer EY can penetrate the cell and directly engage in intracellular energy metabolism, significantly enhancing intracellular ATP and NADPH/NADP+ levels.Within this biohybrid system, sacrificial agent triethanolamine played a dual role: (1) providing continuous photoelectron generation by Eosin Y, enhancing intracellular reducing power, and facilitating carbon fixation via the Wood-Ljungdahl pathway; and (2) its oxidation product, formaldehyde, served as a critical intermediate and a direct precursor for methylenete-trahydrofolate in the Wood-Ljungdahl pathway, consequently simplifying reaction steps and markedly boosting acetate yield.This study provides a simple microorganism-photosensitizer biohybrid system to produce acetate and light on the multifaceted roles of sacrificial agents, paving the development of efficient solar energy conversion with nonphotosynthetic bacteria.

Flavonoids are bioactive natural products known for their pharmaceutical properties and health-promoting applications. Microbial transformation offers a promising and sustainable approach for the biosynthesis of flavonoids. However, challenges such as the lack of well-established synthesis pathways and inefficient heterologous expression of key enzymes limit the flavonoid production such as icaritin. Here, a Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain was engineered to produce icaritin from kaempferol through a metabolic engineering strategy. Enzyme screening strategies identified the functional prenyltransferases, enabling the construction of a bioconversion pathway. The engineered isopentenol and mevalonate pathway boosted the supply of dimethylallyl pyrophosphate, producing 10.4 mg/L 8-prenylkaempferol. Redesigning the N-terminal of prenyltransferase resulted in a 7.5-fold increase in the titer of 8-prenylkaempferol. Cofactor engineering strategies of S-adenosyl-l-methionine recycling resulted in a substantial 139.8% increase in icaritin production. Additionally, the rational design of rate-limiting enzymes significantly improved catalytic performance, enhancing overall icaritin production. Ultimately, engineered S. cerevisiae transformed kaempferol to icaritin successfully through engineered enzymatic modifications with a titer of 14.4 mg/L. This study offers valuable insights into the enzyme design and sustainable natural products production.