Delving into the Latest Updates on Dihydroxyacetone with Synapse

Overview

Basic Info

Drug Type

Small molecule drug

Synonyms

Dihydroxyacetone (USP), Autohelios, Chromelin

Target-

Action-

Mechanism-

Therapeutic Areas

Skin and Musculoskeletal DiseasesOther Diseases

Active Indication

Vitiligo

Inactive Indication-

Originator Organization-

Active Organization-

Inactive Organization-

License Organization-

Drug Highest PhaseApproved

First Approval Date-

Regulation-

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Structure/Sequence

Molecular FormulaC3H6O3

InChIKeyRXKJFZQQPQGTFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N

CAS Registry96-26-4

Achieving high substrate concentration and low hydrogen pressure in alc. production has long posed a challenge in catalysis, especially solvent-free hydrogenation reactions.Herein, we report a NiCu-alloy catalyst with both high activity and excellent stability for the solvent-free hydrogenation of furfural (FF) to furfuryl alc. (FA) at 110°C and 3 bar H₂.Cu₁Ni₁O_x/C gave a turnover frequency as high as 13458.8 h^-1, significantly outperforming reported reaction systems (<6273 h^-1).Upon scaling up the reaction system to 100 mL, the yield of FA remained above 99%.The study of adsorption sites unveiled the critical role of Ni⁰(111) in the homolytic cleavage of H₂ and FF adsorption via the mode of η²(O)-aldehyde.The upward shift of the d-band center in the copper-doped catalyst improved the adsorption configuration of FF and reduced the reaction barrier more efficiently.Moreover, Cu₁Ni₁O_x/C catalyst can be employed for the solvent-free hydrogenation of aldehydes and ketones derivatives with versatile structures.Overall, this research enhances the comprehension of electronic interactions at the interface of CuNi-alloy catalysts and offers a promising approach for designing catalysts for solvent-free hydrogenation of aldehydes and ketones.

01 Jun 2025·Toxicology Reports

Inhalation exposure to dihydroxyacetone promotes lung injury and pulmonary fibrosis in A/J mice

Author: Juncos, Juan Xavier Masjoan ; Gassman, Natalie R. ; Aggarwal, Saurabh ; Levi, Hailey ; Underwood, Lilly ; Hedlich-Dwyer, Jenna ; Hernandez, Arlet

Acute and sub-acute exposure to dihydroxyacetone (DHA), a compound found in e-cigarette aerosols and spray tanning products, was assessed for its impact on lung injury in A/J mice.Mice were exposed to inhaled DHA doses of 5, 130, and 600 μg and evaluated at 1 and 24 h post-exposure.Acute exposure to DHA led to significant inflammatory responses, indicated by increased bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) protein levels at 5, 130, and 600 μg and notably elevated inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and TNF-a 1 h post-exposure. 24 h post-exposure, the 130 and 600 μg doses showed elevated BALF cell counts.Histol. anal. revealed significant alveolar damage and increased lung injury scores for the 130 and 600 μg doses.For sub-acute exposure, male and female mice were exposed to 5 μg DHA for 14 days. Increased BALF cell counts and protein levels were observed, with sex-specific differences in cytokine responses.Male mice exhibited reduced levels of IFN-γ and TNF-α, while female mice showed significant lung damage characterized by decreased alveolar d. and increased collagen deposition indicative of fibrosis.Functional assessments showed mixed obstructive and restrictive lung changes.This study highlights DHA′s potential to induce acute inflammatory responses and chronic lung damage, including both emphysematous and fibrotic changes.These findings suggest that DHA exposure, particularly from aerosolized e-liquids, could contribute to respiratory complications, underscoring the need for further research on long-term exposure effects.

01 May 2025·Journal of Colloid and Interface Science

Descriptor for electro-oxidation of glycerol with high-efficiency bifunctional Cu-N single atom catalyst and coupled with hydrogen evolution/carbon dioxide reduction

Article

Author: Liu, Jing-Yao ; Wang, Hui ; Lv, Mingyue ; Sun, Hao

Electrochemical glycerol oxidation reaction (GOR) presents a promising approach for converting excess glycerol (GLY) into high-value-added products. However, the complex mechanism and the challenge of achieving selectivity for diverse products make GOR difficult to address in both experimental and theoretical studies. In this work, three nitrogen-doped graphene-supported copper single-atom catalysts (CuN_x@Gra SACs, x = 2-4) were selected as the model system due to their simple structure, excellent conductivity and high structural stability. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations were employed to gain deeper insight into the catalytic mechanism. The DFT results revealed that both CuN₂@Gra and CuN₃@Gra follow the same optimal pathway, leading to the formation of formic acid as a key product. The GOR activity and selectivity of CuN_x@Gra catalysts follow the trend CuN₃@Gra > CuN₂@Gra > CuN₄@Gra. Subsequent microkinetic analysis, based co on the DFT-derived energetics, confirmed this predicted activity sequence. The GOR activity determined by the limiting potential (U_L) is correlate well with changes in the adsorption free energy (ΔG_GLY*), the d-band centers of axial d_z² orbitals (ε_dz²) and integrated crystal orbital Hamilton population (ICOHP). Notably, the simple descriptor ΔG_GLY* exhibits a good linear correlation with the free energies of other adsorbates, clarifying the conversion relationships between reaction intermediates and simplifying the understanding of reaction complexity. Moreover, computational results indicate that CuN₂@Gra and CuN₃@Gra systems can serve as both anode catalysts (for GOR) and cathode catalysts (CO₂ reduction for CuN₂@Gra and H₂ evolution for CuN₃@Gra). This study offers insights for designing efficient electrocatalysts, enhancing GLY utilization.

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