Dolasetron Mesylate

To investigate the occurrence rate and risk factors of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) in lung cancer patients following lobectomy and application of analgesic pumps.

This retrospective study reviewed clinical data from patients that had undergone lobectomy for lung cancer under general anaesthesia. The risk factors of PONV were analysed using binary logistic regression models.

A total of 203 patients (97 females) were enrolled. The rate of PONV was 29.6% (60 of 203 patients) for all patients, 42.3% (41 of 97 patients) for female patients and 17.9% (19 of 106 patients) for male patients. Female patients undergoing thoracotomy (odds ratio [OR] 7.770, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.747, 34.568) or having surgery durations ≥120 min (OR 4.493, 95% CI 1.502, 12.851) were significantly more susceptible to PONV. The risk of PONV in female patients that received postoperative dolasetron (100 mg, once a day) was significantly lower (OR 0.075, 95% CI 0.007, 0.834). For male patients, the risk of PONV was significantly lower in those with a body mass index ≥24 kg/m2 (OR 0.166; 95% CI 0.035, 0.782).

Female and male patients have different risk factors for PONV following lobectomy for lung cancer and application of analgesic pumps.

Inaccurately perceived as niche drugs, antiemetics are key elements of cancer treatment alleviating the most dreaded side effect of chemotherapy. Serotonin 5-HT3 receptor antagonists are the most commonly prescribed class of drugs to control chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting. These antagonists have been clinically successful drugs since the 1980s, yet our understanding of how they operate at the molecular level has been hampered by the difficulty of obtaining structures of drug-receptor complexes. Here, we report the cryoelectron microscopy structure of the palonosetron-bound 5-HT3 receptor. We investigate the binding of palonosetron, granisetron, dolasetron, ondansetron, and cilansetron using molecular dynamics, covering the whole set of antagonists used in clinical practice. The structural and computational results yield detailed atomic insight into the binding modes of the drugs. In light of our data, we establish a comprehensive framework underlying the inhibition mechanism by the -setron drug family.