Seasonal quadrivalent influenza vaccine(Medicago, Inc.)

Monkeypox has been declared a public health emergency by the World Health Organization. There is an urgent need for efficient and safe vaccines against the monkeypox virus (MPXV) in response to the rapidly spreading monkeypox epidemic. In the age of COVID-19, mRNA vaccines have been highly successful and emerged as platforms enabling rapid development and large-scale preparation. Here, we develop two MPXV quadrivalent mRNA vaccines, named mRNA-A-LNP and mRNA-B-LNP, based on two intracellular mature virus specific proteins (A29L and M1R) and two extracellular enveloped virus specific proteins (A35R and B6R). By administering mRNA-A-LNP and mRNA-B-LNP intramuscularly twice, mice induce MPXV specific IgG antibodies and potent vaccinia virus (VACV) specific neutralizing antibodies. Further, it elicits efficient MPXV specific Th-1 biased cellular immunity, as well as durable effector memory T and germinal center B cell responses in mice. In addition, two doses of mRNA-A-LNP and mRNA-B-LNP are protective against the VACV challenge in mice. And, the passive transfer of sera from mRNA-A-LNP and mRNA-B-LNP-immunized mice protects nude mice against the VACV challenge. Overall, our results demonstrate that mRNA-A-LNP and mRNA-B-LNP appear to be safe and effective vaccine candidates against monkeypox epidemics, as well as against outbreaks caused by other orthopoxviruses, including the smallpox virus.

We constructed a three-input biological logic gate: S OR (G XNOR M), where S is sorbitol, G is glycerol, and M is methanol, to optimize co-expression of two transgenes in Komagataella phaffii using batch-mode carbon source switching (CSS). K. phaffii was engineered to harbor transgenes encoding a Candida rugosa triacylglycerol lipase, which can enhance downstream processing by removing host cell lipids from homogenates, and the hepatitis B virus surface antigen (HBsAg), a protein that self-assembles into a virus-like particle (VLP) vaccine. Using the native alcohol oxidase 1 (P_AOX1) and enolase 1 (P_ENO1) promoters to direct VLP vaccine and lipase expression, respectively, successfully provided an OR(XNOR) gate function with double-repression as the output. This logic gate functionality enabled use of CSS to ensure that approximately 80% of total VLP yield was accumulated before cells were burdened with lipase expression in 250 mL DasGip bioreactor cultivation.