Streptomycin Sulfate

SEATTLE, Jan. 30, 2024 /PRNewswire/ -- Sound Pharmaceuticals (SPI) will present the Phase 2b STOP Ototoxicity data that was selected for podium presentation at the Association for Research in Otolaryngology (ARO) Midwinter Meeting in Anaheim, CA (February 3-7). This initial safety and efficacy study of SPI-1005 (ebselen) to prevent and treat aminoglycoside-induced ototoxicity enrolled 60 adult CF patients undergoing intravenous (IV) tobramycin for the treatment of acute pulmonary exacerbation. Ototoxicity (hearing loss, tinnitus, vertigo or dizziness) is a common side effect of aminoglycoside antibiotics (tobramycin, amikacin, gentamycin and streptomycin). Currently, there are no FDA approved therapies for the prevention/treatment of aminoglycoside ototoxicity or the treatment of any other type of sensorineural hearing loss, tinnitus, or dizziness. In the Phase 1b observational study (N=20), SPI reported that a 14-day course of IV tobramycin resulted in ototoxicity rates of 89% and 93%, at 2 and 4-weeks after aminoglycoside treatment was completed (Harruff, Journal of Cystic Fibrosis, 2021). In the Phase 2b interventional study, adult patients were randomized in a double blinded fashion to 3 different doses of ebselen or placebo, taken orally for 21 days within 3 days of starting IV tobramycin. In the Phase 2b study (N=40), the ototoxicity rates were 73% and 63%, at 2 and 4-weeks after aminoglycoside treatment was completed, a statistically significant reduction when compared to the Phase 1b study (p-value <0.05). No significant differences in age, duration of IV tobramycin, concomitant medications, respiratory status, or baseline hearing loss were observed between the studies. Interim analysis of the Phase 2b results shows a dose proportional decrease in the ototoxicity rate (from placebo, 200, 400, to 600 mg ebselen), with the 400 and 600 mg dose having ototoxicity rates of 44% and 43% at 4-weeks (400 mg, p-value <0.05). "To our knowledge, these are the first positive results of an ototoxicity intervention trial in humans undergoing antibiotic treatment for pulmonary exacerbation," said Jonathan Kil, MD, SPI's Co-Founder and CEO. Results from two other preclinical studies involving ebselen treatment, a novel anti-inflammatory compound that has also shown positive results in clinical trials involving acute noise exposure, bipolar mania, and Meniere's disease, will be presented at the ARO. The CFF provided a $2.2M Therapeutic Development Award to SPI to support the studies. Details of this trial (NCT02819856) can be viewed online at , or by visiting . SOURCE Sound Pharmaceuticals

Scientists have discovered two enzymes that enable bacteria to target and break up DNA. This chemical defense likely evolved to help the organism fight off germs. The chemical riches were found within the institute's one-of-a-kind Natural Products Discovery Center collection.    Slumbering among thousands of bacterial strains in a collection of natural specimens at The Herbert Wertheim UF Scripps Institute for Biomedical Innovation & Technology, several fragile vials held something unexpected, and possibly very useful. Writing in the journal Nature Chemical Biology, a team led by chemist Ben Shen, Ph.D., described discovery of two new enzymes, ones with uniquely useful properties that could help in the fight against human diseases including cancer. The discovery, published last week, offers potentially easier ways to study and manufacture complex natural chemicals, including those that could become medicines. The contribution of bacterial chemicals to the history of drug discovery is remarkable, said Shen, who directs the Natural Products Discovery Center at the institute, one of the world's largest microbial natural product collections. "Few people realize that nearly half of the FDA-approved antibiotics and anticancer drugs on the market are natural products or are inspired by them," Shen said. "Nature is the best chemist to make these complex natural products. We are applying modern genomic technologies and computational tools to understand their fascinating chemistry and enzymology, and this is leading to progress at unprecedented speed. These enzymes are the latest exciting example." The enzymes the team discovered have a descriptive, if unwieldy, name. They are called "cofactorless oxygenases." This means the bacterial enzymes pull oxygen from the air and incorporate it into new compounds, without requiring the typical metals or other cofactors to initiate the necessary chemical reaction. This new way of synthesizing defensive substances would confer a survival advantage, enabling the organism to fend off infections or invaders. And because enzymes are to chemists what drill bits or saw blades are to a carpenter, they offer scientists new ways to create useful things, said the paper's first authors, postdoctoral researchers Chun Gui, Ph.D., and Edward Kalkreuter, Ph.D. Most immediately, the discovery of the enzymes, TnmJ and TnmK2, solves a lingering mystery of how a potential antibiotic and anticancer compound the Shen lab had first discovered in 2016, tiancimycin A, achieved such potency, Gui and Kalkreuter said. The enzymes enable the bacteria to produce compounds for targeting and breaking up DNA, Gui said. This would be immensely useful in fighting off a virus or other germ -- or killing cancer. Tiancimycin A is being developed as part of a cancer-targeting antibody therapy. These types of combined antibody-drug therapeutics represent a rapidly growing new approach to fighting cancer. But a critical step to using tiancimycin A as an antibody's payload is making enough to study it at a larger scale. That proved challenging. "Even after we identified genes responsible for encoding tiancimycin A, several of the steps required to synthesize it could not be predicted," Gui said. "The two enzymes described in the current study are highly unusual." Tiancimycin A was first found in a soil-dwelling bacteria, a type of Streptomyces from the strain collection at the Natural Products Discovery Center. To make its powerful chemical weapon, the organism had to solve a problem. It somehow had to break three highly stable carbon-carbon bonds and replace them with more reactive carbon-oxygen bonds. For a long time, the scientists couldn't understand how the bacteria managed that feat. Cracking the mystery involved finding other tiancimycin A-like natural product-producing bacteria among the institute's Natural Products Discovery Center collection of 125,000 bacterial strains, and analyzing their genomes to search for the evolutionary hints. The historic collection had long been housed in a pharmaceutical company's basement, collected over decades following the discovery of penicillin in the scientific community's hopeful rush to find the next great antibiotic. The collection did generate several historically important drugs through the years, including the tuberculosis antibiotic streptomycin and the organ transplant drug sirolimus. But the majority of the collection's freeze-dried bacterial strains had rested in their glass vials, unexplored. In 2018, Shen won a competition for the collection, so that it could be fully investigated in an academic setting, where it would be open to science. His team is now developing ways to study the strains, read their genomes and deposit the information into a searchable database for the scientific community to access. Modern genome sequencing and bioinformatics techniques are proving that there may be as many as 30 interesting gene clusters in each strain of bacteria they study, and many of them code for natural products never before documented by scientists, said Shen, who is a member of the UF Health Cancer Center. The discovery of the new cofactorless enzymes is but the latest example of the chemical riches that lie within The Wertheim UF Scripps Institute's collection, Shen said. Their discovery has sparked new excitement about further investigating the reasons the unique chemistry evolved, and the ways it may prove useful. "This publication underscores how many surprises nature still has for us," Shen said, "It can teach us much about fundamental chemistry and biology and provide us with the tools and inspiration we need to translate laboratory findings into medicines that impact society and address many problems faced by humanity."