The aim of this study was to evaluate the water sorption and solubility test design of ISO 4049 for resin cements. Sorption and solubility of six dual‐curing resin cements [RelyX Unicem 2 Automix (RUN), Multilink Speed CEM (MLS), Panavia SA Plus (PSA), RelyX Ultimate (RUL), Multilink Automix (MLA), and Panavia V5 (PV5)] were analyzed by storage in distilled water after dual‐curing. In addition, sorption and solubility during thermal cycling were assessed with self‐cured and dual‐cured specimens. After water storage, all cements revealed sorption in the range of 30 μg mm−3 except for PV5, for which sorption was markedly lower (mean ± SD = 20.8 ± 0.4 μg mm−3). Solubility values were negative for RUN and RUL (−2.1 ± 0.08 μg mm−3 and −1.9 ± 0.13 μg mm−3, respectively). All other cements attained positive values in the range of 0.4–0.8 μg mm−3. Thermal cycling effects were more pronounced. The assessment of water sorption according to ISO 4049 provides reliable results. Solubility results must be interpreted with care because absorbed water may distort the values.

01 Apr 2016·Journal of MicrobiologyQ4 · BIOLOGY

Effects of blue light on pigment biosynthesis of Monascus

Q4 · BIOLOGY

Article

Author: Chen, Di ; Wang, Changlu ; Xue, Chunmao ; Wu, Shufen ; Li, Zhenjing ; Chen, Mianhua

The influence of different illumination levels of blue light on the growth and intracellular pigment yields of Monascus strain M9 was investigated. Compared with darkness, constant exposure to blue light of 100 lux reduced the yields of six pigments, namely, rubropunctatamine (RUM), monascorubramine (MOM), rubropunctatin (RUN), monascorubrin (MON), monascin (MS), and ankaflavin (AK). However, exposure to varying levels of blue light had different effects on pigment production. Exposure to 100 lux of blue light once for 30 min/day and to 100 lux of blue light once and twice for 15 min/day could enhance RUM, MOM, MS, and AK production and reduce RUN and MON compared with non-exposure. Exposure to 100 lux twice for 30 min/day and to 200 lux once for 45 min/day decreased the RUM, MOM, MS, and AK yields and increased the RUN and MON. Meanwhile, the expression levels of pigment biosynthetic genes were analyzed by real-time quantitative PCR. Results indicated that gene MpPKS5, mppR1, mppA, mppB, mmpC, mppD, MpFasA, MpFasB, and mppF were positively correlated with the yields of RUN and MON, whereas mppE and mppR2 were associated with RUM, MOM, MS, and AK production.

01 May 2013·AtherosclerosisQ2 · MEDICINE

Bile acid sequestration normalizes plasma cholesterol and reduces atherosclerosis in hypercholesterolemic mice. No additional effect of physical activity

Q2 · MEDICINE

Article

Author: Rudolf A. de Boer ; Renze Boverhof ; Folkert Kuipers ; Maxi Meissner ; Albert K. Groen ; Rick Havinga ; Henk Wolters ; Vincent W. Bloks

AIMSBile acid sequestrants (BAS) and physical activity (RUN) decrease incidence of cardiovascular events. Both treatments are often prescribed, yet it is not known whether their beneficial effects are additive. We assessed the effects of BAS treatment alone and in combination with RUN on cholesterol metabolism, heart function and atherosclerotic lesion size in hypercholesterolemic mice.METHODSMale Ldlr-deficient mice remained either sedentary (CONTROL), were treated with Colesevelam HCl (BAS), had access to a running wheel (RUN), or were exposed to BAS and RUN (BAS RUN). All groups were fed a high cholesterol diet for 12 weeks. Then, feces, bile and plasma were collected. Atherosclerotic lesion size was determined in the aortic arch and heart function by echocardiography.RESULTSBAS RUN ran more than RUN (6.4 ± 1.4 vs. 3.5 ± 1.0 km/day, p < 0.05). BAS and BAS RUN displayed ~3-fold reductions in plasma cholesterol levels (p < 0.001), ~2.5-fold increases in fecal neutral sterol (p < 0.001) and bile acid (p = 0.01) outputs, decreases in biliary secretions of cholesterol (~6-fold, p < 0.0001) and bile acids (~2-fold, p < 0.001) vs. CONTROL while no significant effects were observed in RUN. Compared to CONTROL, lesion size decreased by 78% in both BAS and BAS RUN, (p < 0.0001).CONCLUSIONBAS reduce atherosclerosis in Ldlr-deficient mice, coinciding with a switch from body cholesterol accumulation to cholesterol loss. RUN slightly modulated atherosclerotic lesion formation but the combination of BAS and RUN had no clear additive effects in this respect.

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Indication	Country/Location	Organization	Date
Menstruation Disturbances	CN	Nanjing Tongrentang Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.	22 Jun 2020

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