Delving into the Latest Updates on Itarnafloxin with Synapse

Overview

Basic Info

Drug Type

Small molecule drug

Synonyms

Quarfloxin

+ [1]

Target

G4

Mechanism

G4 inhibitors(G-Quadruplex inhibitors)

Therapeutic Areas

NeoplasmsImmune System DiseasesHemic and Lymphatic Diseases

Active Indication-

Inactive Indication

Advanced Malignant Solid NeoplasmCarcinoid TumorChronic lymphocytic leukaemia refractory+ [3]

Originator Organization

Cylene Pharmaceuticals, Inc.

Active Organization-

Inactive Organization

TetraGene LLC

Cylene Pharmaceuticals, Inc.

Drug Highest PhaseDiscontinuedPhase 2

First Approval Date-

Regulation-

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Structure

Molecular FormulaC35H33FN6O3

InChIKeyWOQIDNWTQOYDLF-CGAIIQECSA-N

CAS Registry865311-47-3

This is a Phase 2, open-label, multicenter, efficacy and safety study of quarfloxin in patients with low or intermediate grade neuroendocrine cancer. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the rate of clinical benefit response to quarfloxin treatment including the reduction in secretory symptoms of flushing and/or diarrhea or the reduction quantifiable hormones or other biochemical tumor markers.

Start Date01 Oct 2008

Sponsor / Collaborator

Cylene Pharmaceuticals, Inc.

NCT00955292 / TerminatedPhase 1

A Phase I, Multicenter, Open-label, Dose-Escalation, Safety, Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Study of Quarfloxin Administered Intravenously Weekly for Three Weeks of a Four Week Cycle in Patients With Advanced Solid Tumors or Lymphomas

This phase 1 study of quarfloxin (CX-3543) is designed to test the safety, tolerability, and highest safe dose of this drug when administered intravenously weekly for three weeks of a four week cycle in patients with advanced solid tumors.

Start Date01 Jul 2007

Sponsor / Collaborator

Cylene Pharmaceuticals, Inc.

NCT00485966 / WithdrawnPhase 2

A Phase 2, Multi-Center, Open Label Study Evaluating Clinical Efficacy, Safety, and Pharmacodynamic Effects of Quarfloxacin (CX-3543) in Patients With Relapsed or Refractory B-Cell Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (B-CLL)

This is a Phase 2, open-label, multicenter, efficacy, safety, and pharmacodynamic study of CX-3543 in patients with relapsed or refractory B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL).

Start Date01 Jun 2007

Sponsor / Collaborator

Cylene Pharmaceuticals, Inc.

100 Clinical Results associated with Itarnafloxin

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100 Translational Medicine associated with Itarnafloxin

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100 Patents (Medical) associated with Itarnafloxin

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15

Literatures (Medical) associated with Itarnafloxin

17 Jun 2024·ChemBioChem

Systematic Evaluation of Benchmark G4 Probes and G4 Clinical Drugs using three Biophysical Methods: A Guideline to Evaluate Rapidly G4‐Binding Affinity

Article

Author: Teulade‐Fichou, M.‐P. ; Beauvineau, C. ; Lavergne, T. ; Dejeu, J. ; Laigre, E. ; Defrancq, E. ; Bonnet, H. ; Verga, D.

AbstractG‐quadruplex DNA structures (G4) are proven to interfere with most genetic and epigenetic processes. Small molecules binding these structures (G4 ligands) are invaluable tools to probe G4‐biology and address G4‐druggability in various diseases (cancer, viral infections). However, the large number of reported G4 ligands (>1000) could lead to confusion while selecting one for a given application. Herein we conducted a systematic affinity ranking of 11 popular G4 ligands vs 5 classical G4 sequences using FRET‐melting, G4‐FID assays and SPR. Interestingly SPR data globally align with the rankings obtained from the two semi‐quantitative assays despite discrepancies due to limits and characteristics of each assay. In the whole, PhenDC3 emerges as the most potent binder irrespective of the G4 sequence. Immediately below PDS, PDC‐360A, BRACO19, TMPyP4 and RHPS4 feature strong to medium binding again with poor G4 topology discrimination. More strikingly, the G4 drugs Quarfloxin, CX5461 and c‐PDS exhibit weak affinity with all G4s studied. Finally, NMM and Cu‐ttpy showed heterogeneous behaviors due, in part, to their physicochemical particularities poorly compatible with screening conditions. The remarkable properties of PhenDC3 led us to propose its use for benchmarking FRET‐melting and G4‐FID assays for rapid G4‐affinity evaluation of newly developed ligands.

01 Dec 2023·International Journal for Parasitology: Drugs and Drug Resistance

Effects of the G-quadruplex-binding drugs quarfloxin and CX-5461 on the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum

Article

Author: Cicuta, Pietro ; Craven, Holly M ; Blagborough, Andrew M ; Merrick, Catherine J ; Nettesheim, Guilherme

Plasmodium falciparum is the deadliest causative agent of human malaria. This parasite has historically developed resistance to most drugs, including the current frontline treatments, so new therapeutic targets are needed. Our previous work on guanine quadruplexes (G4s) in the parasite's DNA and RNA has highlighted their influence on parasite biology, and revealed G4 stabilising compounds as promising candidates for repositioning. In particular, quarfloxin, a former anticancer agent, kills blood-stage parasites at all developmental stages, with fast rates of kill and nanomolar potency. Here we explored the molecular mechanism of quarfloxin and its related derivative CX-5461. In vitro, both compounds bound to P. falciparum-encoded G4 sequences. In cellulo, quarfloxin was more potent than CX-5461, and could prevent establishment of blood-stage malaria in vivo in a murine model. CX-5461 showed clear DNA damaging activity, as reported in human cells, while quarfloxin caused weaker signatures of DNA damage. Both compounds caused transcriptional dysregulation in the parasite, but the affected genes were largely different, again suggesting different modes of action. Therefore, CX-5461 may act primarily as a DNA damaging agent in both Plasmodium parasites and mammalian cells, whereas the complete antimalarial mode of action of quarfloxin may be parasite-specific and remains somewhat elusive.

01 Dec 2022·Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters

A first-in-class clinical G-quadruplex-targeting drug. The bench-to-bedside translation of the fluoroquinolone QQ58 to CX-5461 (Pidnarulex)

Review

Author: Xu, Hong ; Hurley, Laurence H

CX-3543 (Quarfloxin) and CX-5461 (Pidnarulex) were originally derived from a group of fluoroquinolones that were shown to have dual topoisomerase II (Top2) and G-quadruplex (G4) interactions, and QQ58 was the starting structure for their design. Quarfloxin was initially shown to inhibit c-MYC mRNA expression. Studies at Cylene Pharmaceuticals showed that the primary mechanism of action of Quarfloxin is due to displacement of nucleolin from quadruplexes on the non-template strand of rDNA, causing rapid redistribution of nucleolin from nucleoli, inhibition of rRNA synthesis, and apoptotic death in cancer cells. At Cylene a follow-up compound to Quarfloxin, named Pidnarulex (CX-5461), was optimized for targeting RNA Pol 1. Significantly, in more recent work published in Proc Natl Acad Sci USA and Cell in 2020 and in eLIFE and Nat Comm in 2021, it has been shown that the real molecular target for Pidnarulex is Top2 at transcribed regions containing G4s, rather than RNA Pol 1. These results support the original design strategy published in Mol Cancer Ther in 2001, which was to rationally design a G4-targeting drug (QQ58) starting from a fluoroquinolone duplex-targeting Top2 poison (A-62176) that had good drug-like properties. A very important breakthrough was realized when homologous recombination (HR) was found to be important in the repair of DNA damage caused by G4-interactive compounds, suggesting that a synthetic lethal approach might be useful in identifying cancer patients sensitive to these agents. Through use of an unbiased screen, this mechanistic insight was shown to directly apply to Cylene compounds, which were found to induce DNA damage and to be dependent on BRCA1/2-mediated HR and the DNA-PK-mediated nonhomologous end-joining (NHEJ) pathway for damage repair. To evaluate how this mechanistic insight involving a synthetic lethal approach might be applied clinically, a recent Canadian Phase I clinical trial with Pidnarulex in breast and ovarian cancer patients with known BRCA1/2 germline mutations was carried out. Because of the G4 stabilizer function of Pidnarulex, patient populations that responded well to this compound were identified: they are cancer patients with BRCA1/2 deficiency or deficiency in other DNA damage response pathways. Clinically observed resistance to Pidnarulex resulted from reversion to WT BRCA2 and PALB2 ("partner and localizer of BRCA2," because it partners with another gene, called BRCA2), thus providing strong evidence for the underlying synthetic lethal hypothesis proposed for G4-targeting compounds that cause DNA damage.

100 Deals associated with Itarnafloxin

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External Link

KEGG	Wiki	ATC	Drug Bank
-	-	-	DB06638

R&D Status

10 top R&D records.

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Indication	Highest Phase	Country/Location	Organization	Date
Carcinoid Tumor	Phase 2	US	Cylene Pharmaceuticals, Inc.	01 Oct 2008
Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia refractory	Phase 2	US	Cylene Pharmaceuticals, Inc.	01 Jun 2007
Advanced Malignant Solid Neoplasm	Phase 2	US	Cylene Pharmaceuticals, Inc.	01 Jul 2005
Lymphoma	Phase 2	US	Cylene Pharmaceuticals, Inc.	01 Jul 2005
Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia	Phase 2	-	TetraGene LLC	-
Neuroendocrine Carcinoma	Discovery	US	Cylene Pharmaceuticals, Inc.	01 Oct 2008

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Clinical Result

Indication

Phase

Evaluation

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Study	Phase	Population	Analyzed Enrollment	Group	Results	Evaluation	Publication Date


ASCO2007	Phase 1	HR-positive/HER2-low Solid Tumors	-	CX-3543	ffiyphxnoe(jpwofttlqe) = No drug related serious adverse events (SAEs) were encountered lzmxpjynjn (dmjizueudh ) View more	-	20 Jun 2007