Peptide-T

To study the safety and toxicity of intranasal peptide T (D-Ala-1-peptide-T-amide) in humans, and to find out how quickly and how much of a given dose enters the bloodstream and how quickly it leaves the bloodstream. To obtain information on the ability of intranasal peptide T to prevent, halt, and/or reverse the effects of AIDS on the central nervous system.
Studies have shown that AIDS is caused by a retrovirus. This virus works by inactivating or destroying human CD4 cells (which are part of the human immune system). This in turn leads to the observed immunologic defects and related illnesses, including HIV encephalopathy (disease of the brain). One method of preventing AIDS is to prevent HIV from entering the cell. HIV binds to the receptor CD4 site. Peptide T also binds to this site, and thus by competing for that site, can block the binding of the virus to its receptor. Preliminary animal and human studies indicate that peptide T is safe at the doses selected for this trial.
Thirty patients with AIDS or AIDS related complex (ARC) are entered into the study to receive an increasing schedule of three dosage levels of intranasal peptide T for 12 - 16 weeks followed by a 1-month off-drug follow-up period and a subsequent 1-month return to the drug. All patients receive an initial intravenous test dose of peptide T. The test dose is administered over 1 hour, followed by an observation period of 8 hours in the outpatient clinic.

To study the safety, toxicology, and activity of Peptide T (D-Ala-1-peptide-T-amide) in humans and to find out more about the ability of peptide T to prevent, halt, and/or reverse AIDS-associated immunologic disturbances.
Recent information suggests that the central nervous system (CNS) is often impaired in HIV-infected individuals. The dysfunction of the CNS may be either a direct or an indirect result of HIV infection. One method to prevent HIV infection is to block entry of the virus into the cells of the body. Peptide T shows laboratory evidence of blocking the entrance of HIV into cells that are susceptible to HIV infection. Studies that have been done indicate that peptide T is nontoxic in the doses that are used in this study.
AIDS patients with minimal (group 1) or moderate (group 2) cognitive dysfunction (mental impairment) receive an increasing schedule of three dosage levels of peptide T. All patients receive an intravenous (IV) dose of peptide T for 10 days followed by the intermediate dose and then the highest dose, each intravenously for 10 days. Following successful completion of 3 IV doses, four patients participate in an intranasal pharmacokinetic (blood level study) dosage trial of 3 doses (different from IV) of peptide T once for each of 3 successive days. Follow-up continues for up to 1 year.