Theophylline

MORRISTOWN, N.J., Sept. 11, 2025 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- Intercept Pharmaceuticals, Inc., a wholly owned biopharmaceutical subsidiary of Alfasigma S.p.A., today announced its decision to voluntarily withdraw OCALIVA® (obeticholic acid) from the US market for the treatment of primary biliary cholangitis (PBC), a rare, progressive liver disease. This decision follows a request from the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA). In addition, FDA has placed a clinical hold on all Intercept clinical trials conducted under a US IND involving obeticholic acid. “We continue to believe the totality of clinical and real-world evidence supports OCALIVA’s use for appropriate patients, and we are proud of the contribution OCALIVA has made in advancing care for people living with PBC. While our view of OCALIVA’s benefit-risk profile differs from FDA’s, we respect its request and have made this difficult decision to provide clear guidance for patients and prescribers,” said Vivek Devaraj, US President at Intercept. “We remain committed to innovation in hepatology and to serving the needs of patients and physicians.” OCALIVA received FDA accelerated approval in 2016 for the treatment of PBC in adults with an inadequate response to or intolerance of ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA). Since then, OCALIVA has played a meaningful role in the treatment landscape for patients living with this rare disease. Patients currently prescribed OCALIVA for PBC treatment should consult their healthcare professionals before making any changes. Intercept will provide additional information to support healthcare professionals and patients as it works with FDA on the transition process. Healthcare professionals who have questions about OCALIVA can contact Intercept Medical Information at medinfo@interceptpharma.com or call 1-844-782-4278. Patients should speak with their healthcare professionals and also may contact Intercept’s Patient Support Services (Interconnect) at 1-844-622-4278. About Primary Biliary Cholangitis Primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) is a rare, progressive, and chronic autoimmune disease that affects the bile ducts in the liver and is most prevalent (approximately 1 in 10,000) in women over the age of 40. PBC causes bile acid to build up in the liver, resulting in inflammation and scarring (fibrosis), which, if left untreated, can lead to cirrhosis, a liver transplant, or death. About Intercept Intercept, part of the Alfasigma Group since 2023, focuses on the development and commercialization of novel therapeutics to treat serious liver and GI diseases, including primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) and severe alcohol-associated hepatitis (sAH). Intercept owns the commercial rights to OCALIVA in the U.S. market. For more information, please visit www.interceptpharma.com or connect with the Company on LinkedIn, and X (formerly Twitter). About AlfasigmaAlfasigma is a global pharmaceutical company founded over 75 years ago in Italy, where it is headquartered (in Bologna and Milan). The Group operates in over 100 markets spanning Europe, North and South America, Asia, and Africa. It has offices in many countries, including Italy, the United States (US), Spain, Germany, Mexico, and China; production sites in Italy, Spain, and the US; and R&D labs in Italy (Pomezia and Bergamo). Alfasigma employs approximately 4,000 people dedicated to research, development, production, and distribution of medicinal products contributing to its mission to provide better health and a better quality of life for patients, caregivers, and healthcare providers. It focuses on three main therapeutic areas: Gastroenterology/Hepatology, Vascular, and Rheumatology. Its portfolio spans from primary care to specialty care, rare disease medications, and consumer health products, including medical foods and nutraceuticals. For more information, please visit www.alfasigma.com or connect with the Company on LinkedIn. About OCALIVA® (obeticholic acid) OCALIVA, a farnesoid X receptor (FXR) agonist, is indicated for the treatment of adult patients with primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) without cirrhosis or with compensated cirrhosis who do not have evidence of portal hypertension, either in combination with ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) with an inadequate response to UDCA or as monotherapy in patients unable to tolerate UDCA. This indication is approved under accelerated approval based on a reduction in alkaline phosphatase (ALP). An improvement in survival or disease-related symptoms has not been established. Continued approval for this indication may be contingent upon verification and description of clinical benefit in confirmatory trials. IMPORTANT SAFETY INFORMATION WARNING: HEPATIC DECOMPENSATION AND FAILURE IN PRIMARY BILIARY CHOLANGITIS PATIENTS WITH CIRRHOSIS Hepatic decompensation and failure, sometimes fatal or resulting in liver transplant, have been reported with OCALIVA treatment in primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) patients with either compensated or decompensated cirrhosis. OCALIVA is contraindicated in PBC patients with decompensated cirrhosis, a prior decompensation event, or with compensated cirrhosis who have evidence of portal hypertension. Permanently discontinue OCALIVA in patients who develop laboratory or clinical evidence of hepatic decompensation; have compensated cirrhosis and develop evidence of portal hypertension, or experience clinically significant hepatic adverse reactions while on treatment. Contraindications OCALIVA is contraindicated in patients with: decompensated cirrhosis (e.g., Child-Pugh Class B or C) or a prior decompensation event compensated cirrhosis who have evidence of portal hypertension (e.g., ascites, gastroesophageal varices, persistent thrombocytopenia) complete biliary obstruction Warnings and Precautions Hepatic Decompensation and Failure in PBC Patients with Cirrhosis Hepatic decompensation and failure, sometimes fatal or resulting in liver transplant, have been reported with OCALIVA treatment in PBC patients with cirrhosis, either compensated or decompensated. Among post-marketing cases reporting it, median time to hepatic decompensation (e.g., new onset ascites) was 4 months for patients with compensated cirrhosis; median time to a new decompensation event (e.g., hepatic encephalopathy) was 2.5 months for patients with decompensated cirrhosis. Some of these cases occurred in patients with decompensated cirrhosis when they were treated with higher than the recommended dosage for that patient population; however, cases of hepatic decompensation and failure have continued to be reported in patients with decompensated cirrhosis even when they received the recommended dosage. Hepatotoxicity was observed in the OCALIVA clinical trials. A dose-response relationship was observed for the occurrence of hepatic adverse reactions including jaundice, worsening ascites, and primary biliary cholangitis flare with dosages of OCALIVA of 10 mg once daily to 50 mg once daily (up to 5-times the highest recommended dosage), as early as one month after starting treatment with OCALIVA in two 3-month, placebo-controlled clinical trials in patients with primarily early stage PBC. Routinely monitor patients for progression of PBC, including hepatic adverse reactions, with laboratory and clinical assessments to determine whether drug discontinuation is needed. Closely monitor patients with compensated cirrhosis, concomitant hepatic disease (e.g., autoimmune hepatitis, alcoholic liver disease), and/or with severe intercurrent illness for new evidence of portal hypertension (e.g., ascites, gastroesophageal varices, persistent thrombocytopenia), or increases above the upper limit of normal in total bilirubin, direct bilirubin, or prothrombin time to determine whether drug discontinuation is needed. Permanently discontinue OCALIVA in patients who develop laboratory or clinical evidence of hepatic decompensation (e.g., ascites, jaundice, variceal bleeding, hepatic encephalopathy), have compensated cirrhosis and develop evidence of portal hypertension (e.g., ascites, gastroesophageal varices, persistent thrombocytopenia), experience clinically significant hepatic adverse reactions, or develop complete biliary obstruction. If severe intercurrent illness occurs, interrupt treatment with OCALIVA and monitor the patient’s liver function. After resolution of the intercurrent illness, consider the potential risks and benefits of restarting OCALIVA treatment. Severe Pruritus Severe pruritus was reported in 23% of patients in the OCALIVA 10 mg arm, 19% of patients in the OCALIVA titration arm, and 7% of patients in the placebo arm in a 12-month double-blind randomized controlled clinical trial of 216 patients. Severe pruritus was defined as intense or widespread itching, interfering with activities of daily living, or causing severe sleep disturbance, or intolerable discomfort, and typically requiring medical interventions. Consider clinical evaluation of patients with new onset or worsening severe pruritus. Management strategies include the addition of bile acid binding resins or antihistamines, OCALIVA dosage reduction, and/or temporary interruption of OCALIVA dosing. Reduction in HDL-C Patients with PBC generally exhibit hyperlipidemia characterized by a significant elevation in total cholesterol primarily due to increased levels of high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C). Dose-dependent reductions from baseline in mean HDL-C levels were observed at 2 weeks in OCALIVA-treated patients, 20% and 9% in the 10 mg and titration arms, respectively, compared to 2% in the placebo arm. Monitor patients for changes in serum lipid levels during treatment. For patients who do not respond to OCALIVA after 1 year at the highest recommended dosage that can be tolerated (maximum of 10 mg once daily), and who experience a reduction in HDL-C, weigh the potential risks against the benefits of continuing treatment. Adverse Reactions The most common adverse reactions (≥5%) are: pruritus, fatigue, abdominal pain and discomfort, rash, oropharyngeal pain, dizziness, constipation, arthralgia, thyroid function abnormality, and eczema. Drug Interactions Bile Acid Binding Resins Bile acid binding resins such as cholestyramine, colestipol, or colesevelam adsorb and reduce bile acid absorption and may reduce the absorption, systemic exposure, and efficacy of OCALIVA. If taking a bile acid binding resin, take OCALIVA at least 4 hours before or 4 hours after taking the bile acid binding resin, or at as great an interval as possible. Warfarin The International Normalized Ratio (INR) decreased following coadministration of warfarin and OCALIVA. Monitor INR and adjust the dose of warfarin, as needed, to maintain the target INR range when co-administering OCALIVA and warfarin. CYP1A2 Substrates with Narrow Therapeutic Index Obeticholic acid may increase the exposure to concomitant drugs that are CYP1A2 substrates. Therapeutic monitoring of CYP1A2 substrates with a narrow therapeutic index (e.g., theophylline and tizanidine) is recommended when co-administered with OCALIVA. Inhibitors of Bile Salt Efflux Pump Avoid concomitant use of inhibitors of the bile salt efflux pump (BSEP) such as cyclosporine. Concomitant medications that inhibit canalicular membrane bile acid transporters such as the BSEP may exacerbate accumulation of conjugated bile salts including taurine conjugate of obeticholic acid in the liver and result in clinical symptoms. If concomitant use is deemed necessary, monitor serum transaminases and bilirubin. Please click here for Full Prescribing Information, including Boxed WARNING. To report SUSPECTED ADVERSE REACTIONS, contact Intercept Pharmaceuticals, Inc. at 1-844-782-ICPT or FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 or www.fda.gov/medwatch. Intercept Media Relations Contact media@interceptpharma.com Alfasigma Press Contact Viola BrambillaOPRG Milanviola.brambilla@omc.com

Glenmark Pharmaceuticals has announced a voluntary recall in the US, pulling more than 88,000 bottles of Carvedilol (a high blood pressure drug) and 22,656 bottles of Theophylline (used for COPD) from the market. The affected products were manufactured at Glenmark’s Goa and Pithampur plants in India. The US FDA flagged five Carvedilol lots after detecting N-Nitroso Carvedilol Impurity-1 (NNCI) levels above the permissible 4.0 ppm limit, and one Theophylline lot due to failure in dissolution tests. Both issues prompted Class II recalls, suggesting the risk of serious harm is remote but temporary or reversible side effects are possible. Carvedilol is a beta-blocker for treating hypertension, while Theophylline helps manage asthma and COPD by relaxing airway muscles. Glenmark initiated the recalls earlier this month, emphasizing patient safety and regulatory compliance.