Balicatib

Cathepsin K and S are two isoforms of cysteine protease with diverse biol. functions in the aspect of osteoporosis and autoimmune diseases.Accordingly, the homologous sequence and similar binding site features among CTSK/S may lead to unselective inhibition and side effects.To address such issue, various computational strategies were applied in the current study to explore the selectivity mechanism of CTSK/S inhibitors, including sequence alignment, mol. docking, MD simulations, MM/GBSA energy calculation, and so on.Our findings highlight the notable effects of CTSK residues Glu59 and Tyr67, as well as CTSS residue Asn67, on inhibition selectivity.Overall, this study provides an informative guideline for the rational design of CTSK/S selective inhibitors.

Most antibody–drug conjugates (ADC) approved for the treatment of cancer contain protease-cleavable linkers. ADCs that traffic to lysosomes traverse highly acidic late endosomes, while ADCs that recycle to the plasma membrane traffic through mildly acidic sorting and recycling endosomes. Although endosomes have been proposed to process cleavable ADCs, the precise identity of the relevant compartments and their relative contributions to ADC processing remain undefined. Here we show that a METxMET biparatopic antibody internalizes into sorting endosomes, rapidly traffics to recycling endosomes, and slowly reaches late endosomes. In agreement with the current model of ADC trafficking, late endosomes are the primary processing site of MET, EGFR, and prolactin receptor ADCs. Interestingly, recycling endosomes contribute up to 35% processing of the MET and EGFR ADCs in different cancer cells, mediated by cathepsin-L, which localizes to this compartment. Taken together, our findings provide insight into the relationship between transendosomal trafficking and ADC processing and suggest that receptors that traffic through recycling endosomes might be suitable targets for cleavable ADCs.