Delving into the Latest Updates on Tolevamer with Synapse

Overview

Basic Info

Drug Type

Small molecule drug

Synonyms

Exodif, Polystyrene sulfonate, Polystyrene sulfonic acid

+ [9]

Target

Bacterial toxin

Mechanism

Bacterial toxin inhibitors

Therapeutic Areas

Infectious DiseasesDigestive System DisordersOther Diseases

Active Indication-

Inactive Indication

Clostridium difficile diarrheaColitisDiarrhea+ [2]

Originator Organization

Genzyme Corp.

Active Organization-

Inactive Organization

Genzyme Corp.

Drug Highest PhaseDiscontinuedPhase 3

First Approval Date-

Regulation-

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Structure

Molecular FormulaC8H8O3S

InChIKeyMAGFQRLKWCCTQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N

CAS Registry28210-41-5

Periodontitis is a serious gum infection that damages the soft tissue and, without treatment, can destroy the bone that supports your teeth.
Hydroxylated poly methoxy flavones are a combination of naturally occurring flavonoids extracted from the orange peel and exert anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and antifungal activity however, this extract is poorly soluble and poorly absorbable. In this work, this extract was formulated as a solid dispersion formulation to enhance its biological activity and then incorporated into a gel base and used in the treatment of periodontitis after clinical debridement.

Start Date20 Oct 2023

Sponsor / Collaborator

Assiut University

ChiCTR2000032392 / RecruitingPhase 1/2IIT

To Evaluate the Tolerance, PD, and PK of Lanthanum Polystyrene-sulfonate Powder in a Phase Ib/ IIa Clinical Trial in Patients With ESRD-HD Hyperphosphatemia With Multi-Center, Multi-Dose, Give the Drug Multiple Time

Start Date18 May 2020

Sponsor / Collaborator

The First Hospital of Jilin University

NCT02613481 / CompletedNot Applicable

The Emotional and Functional Benefits of Poly-L-Lactic Acid

This study will evaluates the emotional and functional benefits of Poly-L-Lactic Acid (Sculptra™), a cosmetic product used to fill defects of the skin. All participants will receive Sculptra™.

Start Date01 Nov 2015

Sponsor / Collaborator

Yardley Dermatology Associates P.C.

[+1]

100 Clinical Results associated with Tolevamer

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100 Translational Medicine associated with Tolevamer

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100 Patents (Medical) associated with Tolevamer

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248

Literatures (Medical) associated with Tolevamer

01 Oct 2024·Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions®

Immunolocalization and Ultrastructure Show Ingestion of Cry Protein Expressed in Glycine max by Heterodera glycines and Its Mode of Action

Article

Author: Berg, R. Howard ; Daum, Julia ; Czymmek, Kirk J. ; Kahn, Theodore W. ; Williams, Jayme ; McCarville, Michael T.

Great interest exists in developing a transgenic trait that controls the economically important soybean ( Glycine max) pest, soybean cyst nematode (SCN, Heterodera glycines), due to its adaptation to native resistance. Soybean plants expressing the Bacillus thuringiensis delta-endotoxin, Cry14Ab, were recently demonstrated to control SCN in both growth chamber and field testing. In that communication, ingestion of the Cry14Ab toxin by SCN second stage juveniles (J2s) was demonstrated using fluorescently labeled Cry14Ab in an in vitro assay. Here, we show that consistent with expectations for a Cry toxin, Cry14Ab has a mode of action unique from the native resistance sources Peking and PI 88788. Further, we demonstrate in planta the ingestion and localization of the Cry14Ab toxin in the midgut of nematodes feeding on roots expressing Cry14Ab using immunogold labeling and transmission electron microscopy. We observed immunolocalization of the toxin and resulting intestinal damage primarily in the microvillus-like structure (MvL)-containing region of the midgut intestine but not in nematodes feeding on roots lacking toxin. This demonstrated that Cry14Ab was taken up by the J2 SCN, presumably through the feeding tube within the plant root cell that serves as its feeding site. This suggests that relatively large proteins can be taken up through the feeding tube. Electron microscopy showed that Cry14Ab caused lysis of the midgut MvL membrane and eventual degradation of the MvL and the lysate, forming particulate aggregates. The accumulated electron-dense aggregate in the posterior midgut intestine was not observed in SCN in nonCry14Ab-expressing plants. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license .

01 Oct 2024·Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy

An evaluation of resolution, accuracy, and precision in FT-IR spectroscopy

Article

Author: Matzger, Adam J ; Nicolau, Shelby T

Infrared spectroscopy is a foundational technique for the elucidation of chemical structures. The advancements in interferometric spectroscopy, and specifically the development of Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, are responsible for the widespread usage of IR spectrometers ranging from teaching labs to pharmaceutical quality control. FT-IR affords an excellent signal-to-noise ratio that permits sensitive sampling with quantitative accuracy and high wavenumber precision based on well documented advantages (Jacquinot, Fellgett, Connes). However, the effect of resolution and instrument-to-instrument variation on wavenumber accuracy is not well understood, with previous work grossly overestimating error. Here, a recommendation of wavenumber accuracy as a function of spectral resolution, accounting for instrument variation among leading manufacturers, is given based on an experimental study of polystyrene and acetaminophen. For peaks that are well resolved and not saturated, the position can be known within 1.1 cm^-1 at a spectral resolution of 4 cm^-1 or higher, and within 2.2 cm^-1 at 8 cm^-1 resolution. Other sources of variation are also discussed (e.g., poorly resolved peaks, peak saturation, water interference, spectral noise) to give general recommendations on when IR peak positions can be considered significantly different. Such guidelines are critical for interpreting subtle positional variations, as are often present in different crystal forms of pharmaceuticals.

01 Sep 2024·Chemico-Biological Interactions

Genistein-3′-sodium sulfonate promotes brain functional rehabilitation in ischemic stroke rats by regulating astrocytes polarization through NF-κB signaling pathway

Article

Author: Zhong, Guixiang ; Huang, Cheng ; Luo, Li ; Ge, Qinglian ; Yu, Yunling ; Xue, Jinhua ; Han, Zun ; Huang, Zhihua ; Wang, Tianyun ; Feng, Ruixue ; Liu, Ruizhen

The activation and polarization of astrocytes are involved in neuroinflammation and brain functional rehabilitation after ischemic stroke. Our previous studies display the neuroprotective effect of genistein-3'-sodium sulfonate (GSS) in the acute phase of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury (CI/RI). This study aimed to investigate the brain function improvement of GSS during the recovery period after CI/RI in rats and to explore the potential mechanism from the perspective of astrocyte activation and polarization. The transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) rats were treated with GSS (1 mg/kg) continuously for 28 days. The behavior tests were measured to assess neurological function. The mRNA and protein expression in affected cerebral cortex were detected on day 29 after tMCAO. Our results demonstrated that GSS treatment significantly improved the spatial and temporal gait parameters in the Catwalk gait test, prolonged the time on the stick and increased the rotation speed in the rotarod test, and decreased the time to find the hidden platform and increased the time in the target quadrant in the Morris water maze test. In addition, GFAP, GBP2, C3, IL-1β protein expressions and Nos2A mRNA level were decreased, while Nrf2, BDNF, IL-10 protein expressions and Sphk1 and Nef2l2 mRNA levels increased after GSS treatment. Interestingly, GSS presented a strong binding affinity to TLR4 and suppressed the activation of NF-κB signaling. In conclusion, GSS can promote brain function recovery by inhibiting astrocyte activation and polarization to A1 phenotype, and enhancing astrocyte polarization to A2 phenotype via inactivating TLR4/NF-κB signaling, which provide a candidate compound for clinical rehabilitation therapy in the recovery period after ischemic stroke.

100 Deals associated with Tolevamer

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External Link

KEGG	Wiki	ATC	Drug Bank
-	Tolevamer	-	DB01344

R&D Status

10 top R&D records.

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Indication	Highest Phase	Country/Location	Organization	Date
Clostridium difficile diarrhea	Phase 3	CA	Genzyme Corp.	01 Mar 2005
Clostridium difficile diarrhea	Phase 3	US	Genzyme Corp.	01 Mar 2005
Clostridium difficile diarrhea	Phase 3	PR	Genzyme Corp.	01 Mar 2005
Clostridium difficile diarrhea	Phase 3	CA	Genzyme Corp.	01 Mar 2005
Clostridium difficile diarrhea	Phase 3	US	Genzyme Corp.	01 Mar 2005
Clostridium difficile diarrhea	Phase 3	PR	Genzyme Corp.	01 Mar 2005
Enterocolitis, Pseudomembranous	Phase 3	PR	Genzyme Corp.	01 Mar 2005
Enterocolitis, Pseudomembranous	Phase 3	PR	Genzyme Corp.	01 Mar 2005
Enterocolitis, Pseudomembranous	Phase 3	US	Genzyme Corp.	01 Mar 2005
Enterocolitis, Pseudomembranous	Phase 3	US	Genzyme Corp.	01 Mar 2005

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Clinical Result

Indication

Phase

Evaluation

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Study	Phase	Population	Analyzed Enrollment	Group	Results	Evaluation	Publication Date


Pubmed \| Infect Dis Ther	Not Applicable	Clostridium difficile infection	-	Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) after a short course of vancomycin therapy	xpbftkyajd(tkmkwyooas) = fimjfhcirq eikvgvumfe (iemuyzcgww )	-	01 Mar 2021
				Tolevamer	apctootdcr(hifbijgrpw) = luypcmrbul ikynjwatcv (njstpllbst )