Author: Mouchlianitis, Elias ; Heslin, Margaret ; Kabir, Thomas ; Trotta, Antonella ; McGuire, Philip ; Yiend, Jenny ; Meek, Christopher ; Stahl, Daniel ; Lam, Charlene L M ; Crane, Bryony ; Schmidt, Nora ; Shergill, Sukhwinder ; Peters, Emmanuelle

AbstractBackgroundCognitive Bias Modification for paranoia (CBM-pa) is a novel, theory-driven psychological intervention targeting the biased interpretation of emotional ambiguity associated with paranoia. Study objectives were (i) test the intervention's feasibility, (ii) provide effect size estimates, (iii) assess dose–response and (iv) select primary outcomes for future trials.MethodsIn a double-blind randomised controlled trial, sixty-three outpatients with clinically significant paranoia were randomised to either CBM-pa or an active control (text reading) between April 2016 and September 2017. Patients received one 40 min session per week for 6 weeks. Assessments were given at baseline, after each interim session, post-treatment, and at 1- and 3-months post-treatment.ResultsA total of 122 patients were screened and 63 were randomised. The recruitment rate was 51.2%, with few dropouts (four out of 63) and follow-up rates were 90.5% (1-month) and 93.7% (3-months). Each session took 30–40 min to complete. There was no statistical evidence of harmful effects of the intervention. Preliminary data were consistent with efficacy of CBM-pa over text-reading control: patients randomised to the intervention, compared to control patients, reported reduced interpretation bias (d = −0.48 to −0.76), improved symptoms of paranoia (d = −0.19 to −0.38), and lower depressed and anxious mood (d = −0.03 to −0.29). The intervention effect was evident after the third session.ConclusionsCBM-pa is feasible for patients with paranoia. A fully powered randomised control trial is warranted.

18 Jan 2023·ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces

Robust Construction of Supersmall Zwitterionic Micelles Based on Hyperbranched Polycarbonates Mediates High Tumor Accumulation

Article

Author: Pan, Jingfang ; Wen, Suchen ; Chen, Wei ; Zhao, Bingbing ; Zhao, Changshun ; Ji, Yicheng ; Wang, Ke ; Huang, Dechun

Despite the numerous advantages of nanomedicines, their therapeutic efficacy is hampered by biological barriers, including fast in vivo clearance, poor tumor accumulation, inefficient penetration, and cellular uptake. Herein, cross-linked supersmall micelles based on zwitterionic hyperbranched polycarbonates can overcome these challenges for efficiently targeted drug delivery. Biodegradable acryloyl/zwitterion-functionalized hyperbranched polycarbonates are synthesized by a one-pot sequential reaction of Michael-type addition and ring-opening polymerization, followed by controlled modification with carboxybetaine thiol. Cross-linked supersmall zwitterionic micelles (X-CBMs) are readily prepared by straightforward self-assembly and UV cross-linking. X-CBMs exhibit prolonged blood circulation because of their cross-linked structure and zwitterion decoration, which resist protein corona formation and facilitate escaping RES recognition. Combined with the advantage of supersmall size (7.0 nm), X-CBMs mediate high tumor accumulation and deep penetration, which significantly enhance the targeted antitumor outcome against the 4T1 tumor model by administration of the paclitaxel (PTX) formulation (X-CBM@PTX).

01 Dec 2020·Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental PsychiatryQ4 · MEDICINE

Biased interpretation in paranoia and its modification

Q4 · MEDICINE

Article

Author: Guven, Husniye ; Savulich, George ; Shergill, Sukhi ; Leathers-Smith, Emily ; Assadi, Sara ; Edwards, Annabel ; Yiend, Jenny

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVESCognitive models of psychosis implicate interpretation biases as one of the mechanisms involved in the formation and maintenance of symptoms. First we measured the strength of association between interpretation biases and psychosis-relevant traits. Next we manipulated these biases and quantified the effects of doing so on psychosis-relevant outcomes.METHODSExperiment 1 used two measures of interpretation bias in a healthy sample (n = 70). Experiment 2 used a novel cognitive bias modification procedure (CMB-pa) in individuals with moderate trait paranoia (n = 60).RESULTSExperiment 1 revealed that over a third of the variance in interpretation bias could be explained by the combined effect of trait measures of paranoia/psychosis. In Experiment 2, CBM-pa produced training-congruent changes in the interpretation of new ambiguous information and influenced the interpretation, attribution and distress associated with a real-life social event.LIMITATIONSThe potentially confounding effects of elevated anxiety and depression on interpretation bias and the restricted range of outcome measures to assess the wider effects of CBM-pa.CONCLUSIONSThese studies are consistent with interpretation biases contributing to the maintenance of paranoia. CBM-pa could next be adapted and evaluated to test its efficacy as a therapeutic intervention.

100 Deals associated with CBM-FX

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Indication	Highest Phase	Country/Location	Organization	Date
Psoriasis	Phase 1	KR	CellionBioMed Inc	01 Jan 2022
Rheumatoid Arthritis	Phase 1	KR	CellionBioMed Inc	01 Jan 2022
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus	Phase 1	KR	CellionBioMed Inc	01 Jan 2022

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