Emoxipin

The economic and environmental costs of petroleum-derived acrylic acid motivate the search for bio-based alternatives. This study presents an integrated techno-economic analysis (TEA) and cradle-to-gate life cycle assessment (LCA) of an industrial-scale bioprocess for producing 3-hydroxypropionic acid (3-HP), a platform chemical and direct precursor to bio-based acrylic acid and other polymers. A process model was developed in BioSTEAM using parameters and performance targets derived from current biotechnological capabilities and peer-reviewed literature, simulating a facility with a 3-HP production capacity of 2,000 metric tons per day. TEA results indicate a minimum selling price (MSP) of $0.62/kg 3-HP. The LCA yields a global warming potential of 1.71 kg CO₂-eq/kg 3-HP below the 4.07-7.65 kg CO₂-eq/kg cradle to grave range reported for petroleum-derived acrylic acid, confirming a meaningful greenhouse gas reduction. A 3,000-trial Monte Carlo analysis sampling twenty-five process, economic, and life-cycle parameters from independent ±20% uniform distributions yields a 5-95% MSP range of $0.49-0.85 per kilogram of 3-HP and a 5-95% GWP range of 1.28-2.45 kg CO₂-eq per kilogram, with a strong positive correlation between the two outcomes (Pearson r = +0.80) driven primarily by fermentation 3-HP yield and fermenter recovery. Improvements in fermentation performance produce simultaneous cost and environmental gains. These results establish a quantitative benchmark for the economic viability and environmental performance of glycerol-to-3-HP bioprocesses and identify the research priorities most critical to advancing commercial scale-up.

Objective. To improve the efficacy of medical rehabilitation interventions for patients in the late recovery phase following ischemic stroke (IS) and its associated sequelae. Material and methods. An analysis of treatment outcomes was conducted in 250 patients with IS evaluated between 6 and 12 months post-event (136 women and 114 men, with a mean age of 63±14 years, range 28—74 years). The study participants were divided into two groups: Group 1 received standard therapy and medical rehabilitation combined with Mexidol 500 mg (10 mL) administered parenterally for 14 days, followed by Mexidol FORTE 250 mg orally TID for an additional two months. Group 2 received only the standard therapy and medical rehabilitation. Various assessments were conducted, including evaluations of neurological deficits (using the Rivermead Mobility Index and the Scandinavian Stroke Scale), social and domestic adaptation (using the Barthel Index), cognitive and emotional status, and sleep quality. Furthermore, a comprehensive analysis of changes in functioning, activity, and participation was conducted in accordance with the domains outlined in the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF). Results. Participants in Group 1 showed statistically significant improvements in the assessed indicators compared with the control group. Additionally, marked improvements were observed in the key domains of functioning, task performance, and social participation, according to the ICF. Conclusions. The sequential therapy with Mexidol and Mexidol FORTE 250 mg notably enhances the recovery of motor, sensory, cognitive, and other neurological functions among patients in the late recovery phase post-IS, thereby facilitating better social and domestic adaptation, increased levels of activity and participation in life and society, along with improvements in emotional well-being.