To acquire transforming potential, the precursor of the Ras oncoprotein must undergo farnesylation of the cysteine residue located in a carboxyl-terminal tetrapeptide. Inhibitors of the enzyme that catalyzes this modification, farnesyl protein transfe
ras
e (FPTase), have therefore been suggested as anticancer agents for tumors in which Ras contributes to transformation. The tetrapeptide analog L-731,735 is a potent and selective inhibitor of FPTase in vitro. A prodrug of this compound, L-731,734, inhibited Ras processing in cells transformed with v-
ras
. L-731,734 decreased the ability of v-
ras
-transformed cells to form colonies in soft agar but had no effect on the efficiency of colony formation of cells transformed by either the v-
raf
or v-
mos
oncogenes. The results demonstrate selective inhibition of
ras
-dependent cell transformation with a synthetic organic inhibitor of FPTase.