E39+GM-CSF vaccine(The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center)

The present study aimed to investigate the effects of dietary fermented blueberry pomace (FBP) supplementation on production performance, egg quality and nutritional value, plasma biochemical parameters, follicle number, reproductive hormones, lipid metabolism, and antioxidant capacity of laying hens during the late laying period. A total of 320 (345-d-old) Yukou Jingfen No. 8 laying hens were randomly divided into 4 groups, with eight replicates per group and 10 hens per replicate. The birds were fed a basal diet (control group) and a basal diet supplemented with 0.25, 0.5, and 1.0% FBP. The trial lasted 56 d. The results showed that FBP (0.25-1.0%) supplementation increased the egg albumen height and Haugh unit compared with the control group on d 14, while 0.5 to 1.0% FBP increased the eggshell thickness compared with the 0.25% FBP group on d 28 of the trial (P < 0.05). The methionine content in egg white was higher (P < 0.05) in the 1.0% FBP group compared with the 0.25% FBP group. The CAT activity in the ovary was increased (P < 0.05) in the FBP groups compared with the control group, while plasma GSH-PX activity was higher (P < 0.05) in the 1.0% FBP group compared with the 0.25% FBP and 0.5% FBP groups. Dietary FBP supplementation up-regulated (P < 0.05) gene expressions related to lipid metabolism in the liver (ACC, FAS, SCD1, and SREBP1) and yolk precursor synthesis (ESR2 and VTG II). Moreover, CYP11A1 expression in the ovary was up-regulated (P < 0.05) in the FBP groups compared with the control group, as well as in the 0.25% FBP group compared with the 1.0% FBP group. In summary, dietary FBP supplementation improved egg quality and nutritional value, ovarian antioxidant capacity, and yolk precursor synthesis, while 1.0% FBP had better effects than 0.25 and 0.5% doses.

D-allulose, a naturally occurring monosaccharide, is present in small quantities in nature. It is considered a valuable low-calorie sweetener due to its low absorption in the digestive tract and zero energy for growth. Most of the recent efforts to produce D-allulose have focused on in vitro enzyme catalysis. However, microbial fermentation is emerging as a promising alternative that offers the advantage of combining enzyme manufacturing and product synthesis within a single bioreactor. Here, a novel approach was proposed for the efficient biosynthesis of D-allulose from glycerol using metabolically engineered Escherichia coli. FbaA, Fbp, AlsE, and A6PP were used to construct the D-allulose synthesis pathway. Subsequently, PfkA, PfkB, and Pgi were disrupted to block the entry of the intermediate fructose-6-phosphate (F6P) into the Embden-Meyerhof-Parnas (EMP) and pentose phosphate (PP) pathways. Additionally, GalE and FryA were inactivated to reduce D-allulose consumption by the cells. Finally, a fed-batch fermentation process was implemented to optimize the performance of the cell factory. As a result, the titer of D-allulose reached 7.02 g/L with a maximum yield of 0.287 g/g.