AZD-5312

Limited data exist on the adoption of rituximab biosimilars vs the reference product by indication. Available data from real-world studies comparing rituximab biosimilar and reference use have focused predominantly on oncology indications. This is the first study to assess the utilization of the 3 US rituximab biosimilars vs the reference product.

Comparative analysis.

Deidentified real-world data of rituximab, rituximab-abbs, rituximab-pvvr, and rituximab-arrx dispensations between December 31, 2018, and February 1, 2022, were extracted using Trisus Medication Compare (The Craneware Group). The primary outcome was rituximab reference vs biosimilar utilization for oncology vs nononcology indications. Results were stratified by on-label and off-label use and treatment settings.

A total of 28,025 encounters were captured for rituximab and its biosimilars across 193 facilities (rituximab: n = 23,395; biosimilars, n = 4631 [rituximab-abbs: n = 2550; rituximab-pvvr, n = 2081; rituximab-arrx: n = 0]). Rituximab reference had higher dispensations for oncology (78.4%) and nononcology (88.3%) indications than its biosimilars (21.6% and 11.7%, respectively; P < .01). The 3-year annual trends from 2019 to 2021 revealed decreased rituximab reference utilization (99.99% to 40.1%) and increased biosimilar use (0.01% to 59.9%). Most oncology dispensations were on label (94.5%), whereas most nononcology dispensations were off label (73.6%; P < .01). A higher proportion of biosimilar use was attributed to on-label indications (67.7%; off-label, 32.2%) compared with rituximab reference (58.0% vs42.0%, respectively; P < .01). Nonacademic settings showed higher biosimilar adoption than academic settings (22.2% vs 10.3%, respectively; P < .01).

Real-world evidence shows an increase in rituximab biosimilar adoption over time, with higher adoption for oncology vs nononcology indications and in nonacademic settings.

The present manuscript highlights the potential role of Streptomyces roseoverticillatus 63 (Sr-63) against Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo), which is the cause of a disastrous bacterial leaf blight disease with rice worldwide. The disease suppression was achieved under greenhouse conditions. A foliar spray of the fermentation broth of Sr-63 significantly reduced the leaf blight symptoms with rice in Xoo inoculated rice plants. Furthermore, we observed that the carbazomycin B, isolated from the fermentation broth of Sr-63, was demonstrated to have antibacterial activity against Xoo with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 8 μg mL–1. The results indicated that carbzomycin B hampered the membrane formation of Xoo, reduced the production of xanthomonadin and extracellular polymeric substance (EPS). The fourier transform infrared spectroscopic (FT-IR) indicated that carbazomycin B changed the components of the cell membrane, then caused a change of the cell surface hydrophobicity of Xoo. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that the Xoo cells treated with carbazomycin B exhibited apparent structural deformation. The results also indicated that carbazomycin B had a negative impact on the metabolism of Xoo, carbazomycin B reduced the activity of malate dehydrogenase (MDH) activity and suppressed the protein expression of Xoo. Overall, our data suggests that Streptomyces roseoverticillatus 63 is a promising biocontrol agent that could be used to combat the bacterial leaf blight diseases of rice.