Omzotirome

A novel functional iodothyronine analogue, TRC150094, which has a much lower potency toward thyroid hormone receptor (α1/β1) activation than triiodothyronine, has been shown to be effective at reducing adiposity in rats simultaneously receiving a high-fat diet (HFD). Here, by combining metabolic, functional and proteomic analysis, we studied how the hepatic and skeletal muscle phenotypes might respond to TRC150094 treatment in HFD-fed overweight rats. Drug treatment increased both the liver and skeletal muscle mitochondrial oxidative capacities without altering mitochondrial efficiency. Coherently, in terms of individual respiratory in-gel activity, blue-native analysis revealed an increased activity of complex V in the liver and of complexes II and V in tibialis muscle in TCR150094-treated animals. Subsequently, the identification of differentially expressed proteins and the analysis of their interrelations gave an integrated view of the phenotypic/metabolic adaptations occurring in the liver and muscle proteomes during drug treatment. TRC150094 significantly altered the expression of several proteins involved in key liver metabolic pathways, including amino acid and nitrogen metabolism, and fructose and mannose metabolism. The canonical pathways most strongly influenced by TRC150094 in tibialis muscle included glycolysis and gluconeogenesis, amino acid, fructose and mannose metabolism, and cell signaling. The phenotypic/metabolic influence of TRC150094 on the liver and skeletal muscle of HFD-fed overweight rats suggests the potential clinical application of this iodothyronine analogue in ameliorating metabolic risk parameters altered by diet regimens.

Chronic overnutrition and modern lifestyles are causing a worldwide epidemic of obesity and associated comorbidities, which is creating a demand to identify underlying biological mechanisms and to devise effective treatments. In rats receiving a high‐fat diet (HFD), we analyzed the effects of a 4‐wk administration of a novel functional analog of iodothyronines, TRC150094 (TRC). HFD‐TRC rats exhibited increased energy expenditure (+24% vs . HFD rats; P <0.05) and body weight (BW) gain comparable to that of standard chow‐fed (N) rats [N, HFD, and HFD‐TRC rats, +97 g, + 140 g ( P <0.05 vs . N), and + 98 g ( P <0.05 vs . HFD)]. HFD‐TRC rats had significantly less visceral adipose tissue ( vs . HFD rats) and exhibited altered metabolism in two major tissues that are very active metabolically. In liver, mitochondrial fatty acid import and oxidation were increased (+56 and +32%, respectively; P <0.05 vs . HFD rats), and consequently the hepatic triglyceride content was lower (−35%; P <0.05 vs . HFD rats). These effects were independent of the AMP‐activated protein kinase‐acetyl CoA‐carboxylase‐malonyl CoA pathway but involved sirtuin 1 activation. In skeletal muscle, TRC induced a fiber shift toward the oxidative type in tibialis anterior muscle, increasing its capacity to oxidize fatty acids. HFD‐TRC rats had lower ( vs . HFD rats) plasma cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations. If reproduced in humans, these results will open interesting possibilities regarding the counteraction of metabolic dysfunction associated with ectopic/visceral fat accumulation.—Cioffi, F., Zambad, S. P., Chhipa, L., Senese, R., Busiello, R. A., Tuli, D., Munshi, S., Moreno, M., Lombardi, A., Gupta, R. C., Chauthaiwale, V., Dutt, C., de Lange, P., Silvestri, E., Lanni, A., Goglia, F. TRC150094, a novel functional analog of iodothyronines, reduces adiposity by increasing energy expenditure and fatty acid oxidation in rats receiving a high‐fat diet. FASEB J . 24, 3451–3461 (2010). www.fasebj.org