Contezolid

New York, USA, Jan. 25, 2023 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Infection Pipeline Clinical Trials Featuring 25+ companies| DelveInsight Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is an infection caused by antibiotic-resistant strains of the pathogen Staphylococcus aureus. Rising incidence of Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections is creating health concerns among the population. Manufacturers are focusing on product development and launches for the treatment of Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). DelveInsight’s 'Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Infection Pipeline Insight 2023' report provides comprehensive global coverage of available, marketed, and pipeline methicillin-resistant Staphylococcusaureus infection therapies in various stages of clinical development. Major pharmaceutical companies are working to advance the pipeline space and future growth potential of the methicillin-resistant Staphylococcusaureus infection pipeline domain. Key Takeaways from the Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Infection Pipeline Report DelveInsight’s methicillin-resistant Staphylococcusaureus infection pipeline report depicts a robust space with 25+ companies and 28+ pipeline drugs for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcusaureus infection treatment. Key methicillin-resistant Staphylococcusaureus infection companies include Trellis Bioscience, LegoChem Biosciences, Aptorum Group, ContraFect, Crystalgenomics, Cellics Therapeutics, MicuRx, Oxford Antibiotic Group, Destiny Pharma, TSRL, Inc., TAXIS Pharmaceuticals, Basilea Pharmaceutica, Helperby Therapeutics, Akagera Medicines, Histogen, Alphamab Co. Ltd, Biocidium Pharmaceuticals, and others are evaluating novel methicillin-resistant Staphylococcusaureus infection drugs candidate to improve the treatment landscape. Promising methicillin-resistant Staphylococcusaureus infection pipeline therapies in various stages of development include TRL1068, Delpazolid, ALS 4, Teicoplanin inhalation, CG 400549, SAAP 148, Exebacase, Marinus, CTI 005, Iclaprim, MRX 4, MRX 7, XF-73, TXA709, ARV-1801, ACX-375C, ABX-605, IBT-V02, BCM-0184, Contezolid, TetramOX, Ceftobiprole, HY-004B8b, HY-005B8a, CG-549, Emricasan, KN043, and several others. Ceftobiprole medocaril, the prodrug of the active moiety ceftobiprole, is a cephalosporin antibiotic for intravenous administration, with rapid bactericidal activity against a wide range of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. This includes methicillin-susceptible and resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA, MRSA) and susceptible Pseudomonas spp. In October 2022, Basilea Pharmaceutica announced the results from Phase III ERADICATE study, evaluating ceftobiprole in the treatment of adult patients with bacterial bloodstream infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus. Results for the primary efficacy outcomes were consistent in key subgroups including in patients with MSSA or MRSA bloodstream infections at baseline, and in various categories of underlying conditions such as skin and skin structure infections, abdominal abscesses, chronic dialysis, septic arthritis, osteomyelitis, definite right-sided infective endocarditis and in patients with persistent SAB. Basilea also planned to submit a New Drug Application (NDA) for ceftobiprole to the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) around year-end 2022. Exebacase (CF-301) being developed by ContraFect Corporation is a lysin with potent activity against Staphylococcus aureus ("Staph aureus"). Exebacase has the potential to be the first-in-class of a new treatment for patients with Staph aureus bacteremia. The FDA has granted Breakthrough Therapy designation to exebacase for the treatment of MRSA bloodstream infections (bacteremia), including right-sided endocarditis, when used in addition to SOC antistaphylococcal antibiotics in adult patients, based on the final data from the Phase II superiority trial of exebacase. In July 2022, Destiny Pharma plc announced that it had received an award from the Cystic Fibrosis Foundation. The research project will establish the potential of the Company’s proprietary XF-73 drug as a novel treatment for cystic fibrosis patients infected with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). CTI-005 is for the treatment of Methicillin Resistance Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA) Pneumonia and has been granted IND allowance from the US FDA. The potent RBC-NS has the membrane lipids and receptors that a normal red blood cell has, however, the high surface-volume ratio of the RBC-NS allows it to act as a decoy. This characteristic allows the RBC-NS to bind and neutralize toxins, auto-antibodies, and bacterial infections. The pore-forming toxins emitted by MRSA can be effectively absorbed and neutralized by RBC-NS. Request a sample and discover the recent advances in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcusaureus infection treatment drugs @ Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Infection Pipeline Report The methicillin-resistant Staphylococcusaureus infection pipeline report provides detailed profiles of pipeline assets, a comparative analysis of clinical and non-clinical stage methicillin-resistant Staphylococcusaureus infection products, inactive and dormant assets, a comprehensive assessment of driving and restraining factors, and an assessment of opportunities and risks in the methicillin-resistant Staphylococcusaureus infection pipeline landscape. Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Infection Overview Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections are caused by bacteria that have attained resistance from several antibiotics that treat diseases caused by Staphylococcus bacteria. The common patients of Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections are patients that have been in hospitals or healthcare settings for a long duration where the bacteria is found commonly. MRSA infections are known as healthcare-associated MRSA (HA-MRSA) if infected in hospitals. Such infections can spread to healthcare workers through invasive procedures, which are further transmitted to several patients by touching and operating with bare hands. Other MRSA infections occur in a considerable population of healthy people. People associated with community-associated MRSA (CA-MRSA) show symptoms appearing as painful skin boils. It further spreads through physical contact between individuals. The population at higher risk includes people surrounded by a significant number of people and childcare workers. MRSA infections might look like red bumps, pimples, or spider bites, accompanied by pus and fever. Find out more about methicillin-resistant Staphylococcusaureus infection treatment drugs @ Drugs for Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Infection Treatment A snapshot of the Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Infection pipeline drugs mentioned in the report: Drug Company Phase MoA RoA Ceftobiprole Basilea Pharmaceutica Phase III Cell wall inhibitors; Peptidyltransferase inhibitors Intravenous CG 549 CrystalGenomics Phase II Enoyl-ACP reductase inhibitors; Fatty acid synthase expression inhibitors; Fatty acid synthetase complex inhibitors Oral BCM-0184 Biocidium Pharmaceuticals Phase I NA Oral/Topical TRL1068 Trellis Bioscience Phase I Bacterial biofilm inhibitors Intravenous ALS 4 Aptorum Group Phase I Bacterial virulence inhibitors Oral EVX-B1 Evaxion Biotech Preclinical Immunostimulants NA Emricasan Histogen Preclinical Apoptosis inhibitors; Caspase inhibitors NA TarO inhibitor Prokaryotics Discovery Cell membrane inhibitors; Cell wall inhibitors NA Learn more about the emerging methicillin-resistant Staphylococcusaureus infection pipeline therapies @ Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Infection Clinical Trials Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Infection Therapeutics Assessment The methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infection pipeline report proffers an integral view of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcusaureus infection emerging novel therapies segmented by stage, product type, molecule type, mechanism of action, and route of administration. Scope of the Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Infection Pipeline Report Coverage: Global Therapeutic Assessment By Product Type: Mono, Combination, Mono/Combination Therapeutic Assessment By Clinical Stages: Pre-clinical, Discovery, Discontinued, Inactive, Phase I, Phase II, Phase III Therapeutics AssessmentBy Route of Administration: Oral, Parenteral, Intravenous, Subcutaneous, Topical. Therapeutics AssessmentBy Molecule Type: Monoclonal Antibody, Peptides, Polymer, Small molecule, Gene therapy Therapeutics AssessmentBy Mechanism of Action: Cell wall inhibitors; Peptidyltransferase inhibitors, Enoyl-ACP reductase inhibitors; Fatty acid synthase expression inhibitors; Fatty acid synthetase complex inhibitors, Bacterial biofilm inhibitors, Bacterial virulence inhibitors, Immunostimulants, Apoptosis inhibitors; Caspase inhibitors, Cell membrane inhibitors; Cell wall inhibitors Key Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Infection Companies: Trellis Bioscience, LegoChem Biosciences, Aptorum Group, ContraFect, Crystalgenomics, Cellics Therapeutics, MicuRx, Oxford Antibiotic Group, Destiny Pharma, TSRL, Inc., TAXIS Pharmaceuticals, Basilea Pharmaceutica, Helperby Therapeutics, Akagera Medicines, Histogen, Alphamab Co. Ltd, Biocidium Pharmaceuticals, and others. Key Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Infection Pipeline Therapies: TRL1068, Delpazolid, ALS 4, Teicoplanin inhalation, CG 400549, SAAP 148, Exebacase, Marinus, CTI 005, Iclaprim, MRX 4, MRX 7, XF-73, TXA709, ARV-1801, ACX-375C, ABX-605, IBT-V02, BCM-0184, Contezolid, TetramOX, Ceftobiprole, HY-004B8b, HY-005B8a, CG-549, Emricasan, KN043, and others. Dive deep into rich insights for new drugs for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcusaureus infection treatment; visit @ Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Infection Drugs Table of Contents 1. Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Infection Pipeline Report Introduction 2. Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Infection Pipeline Report Executive Summary 3. Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Infection Pipeline: Overview 4. Analytical Perspective In-depth Commercial Assessment 5. Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Infection Pipeline Therapeutics 6. Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Infection Pipeline: Late Stage Products (Pre-registration) 7. Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Infection Pipeline: Late Stage Products (Phase III) 7.1 Ceftobiprole: Basilea Pharmaceutica 8. Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Infection Pipeline: Mid Stage Products (Phase II) 8.1 CG549: CrystalGenomics 9. Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Infection Pipeline: Early Stage Products (Phase I) 9.1 TRL1068: Trellis Bioscience 10. Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Infection Pipeline Therapeutics Assessment 11. Inactive Products in the Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Infection Pipeline 12. Company-University Collaborations (Licensing/Partnering) Analysis 13. Key Companies 14. Key Products in the Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Infection Pipeline 15. Unmet Needs 16. Market Drivers and Barriers 17. Future Perspectives and Conclusion 18. Analyst Views 19. Appendix For further information on the methicillin-resistant Staphylococcusaureus infection pipeline therapeutics, reach out @ Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Infection Treatment Drugs Related Reports Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Epidemiology Forecast Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Epidemiology Forecast – 2032 report delivers an in-depth understanding of the disease, historical and forecasted epidemiology, and the methicillin-resistant Staphylococcusaureus epidemiology trends. Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Infection Market Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Market Insights, Epidemiology, and Market Forecast – 2032 report delivers an in-depth understanding of the market trends, market drivers, market barriers, and key methicillin-resistant Staphylococcusaureus infection companies, including Trellis Bioscience, LegoChem Biosciences, Aptorum Group, Allergan, iNtRON Biotechnology, Neupharma, ImmuPharma, Lytix Biopharma, CrystalGenomics, AIMM Therapeutics, among others. Staphylococcus aureus Bacteremia Pipeline Staphylococcus aureus Bacteremia Pipeline Insight – 2023 report provides comprehensive insights about the pipeline landscape, pipeline drug pro including clinical and non-clinical stage products, and the key Staphylococcus aureus Bacteremia companies, including ContraFect, Armata Pharmaceuticals, iNtRON Biotechnology, Durata Therapeutics, Cipher Pharmaceuticals, XBiotech, Basilea Pharmaceutica, Genentech, among others. Hospital Acquired Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Infections Pipeline Hospital Acquired Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Infections Pipeline Insight – 2023 report provides comprehensive insights about the pipeline landscape, pipeline drug pro including clinical and non-clinical stage products, and the key Hospital Acquired Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Infections companies, including Trellis Bioscience, LegoChem Biosciences, Aptorum Group, Allergan, iNtRON Biotechnology, Neupharma, ImmuPharma, Lytix Biopharma, CrystalGenomics, AIMM Therapeutics, among others. 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Those magic bullets that save thousands of lives each year – antibiotics – aren’t as resilient or effective as they once were, thanks to resistant bacteria. It’s conceivable that simple surgery and other procedures might become extremely risky without antibiotics that can reliably eliminate infections. On an annual basis in the U.S., at least 2.8 million people will have an antibiotic-resistant infection, and more than 35,000 people die from those infections, according to the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Some, such as those with chronic disease, are at greater risk than others. If antibiotics are not effective, then infections cannot be treated, and public health threats cannot be managed. In addition, surgical procedures depend on a patient’s ability to fight infections with antibiotics, such as joint replacements and organ transplants. Less private investment and innovation in the development of new antibiotics are undermining efforts to combat drug-resistant infections, according to the World Health Organization (WHO). Two recent reports, Antibacterial agents in clinical development – an analysis of the antibacterial clinical development pipeline and Antibacterial agents in preclinical development found that research and development for antibiotics is primarily driven by small- or medium-sized enterprises. Big pharma is exiting the field, often because of the relatively low price for antibiotics and a lack of return on their investment. The reports reveal a weak antibiotic therapeutic pipeline. But efforts continue. BioSpace captures some of them here. Spero Therapeutics Spero Therapeutics’ antibiotic pipeline is focused on areas for which the unmet medical need is greatest, for which there are few approved therapies, or where the standard of care is less than the best possible. The company’s pipeline of anti-infective agents includes: Tebipenem HBr, an oral carbapenem that completed a pivotal Phase III clinical trial, ADAPT-PO, for the treatment of complicated urinary tract infections (cUTI). Tebipenem HBr is an investigational oral formulation of tebipenem, a carbapenem-class antibiotic marketed in Japan since 2009 for certain pediatric infections. SPR720, an oral antimicrobial agent being developed for the treatment of non-tuberculous mycobacterial lung disease. SPR206, a direct acting intravenous (IV)-administered next-generation polymyxin analogue developed from the company’s potentiator platform that is in clinical development as an innovative option to treat multidrug resistant Gram-negative bacterial infections in hospitals and clinics. If approved, tebipenem HBr would be the first oral carbapenem antimicrobial to receive marketing approval in the US, according to the company. Tebipenem HBr has been granted Qualified Infectious Disease Product (QIDP) and Fast Track designations by the FDA for the treatment of cUTI and acute pyelonephritis, a sudden and severe kidney infection. SPR720 represents a class of antibacterial agents that target enzymes essential for bacterial DNA replication, the company states. Phase I clinical data suggested that SPR206 is well-tolerated at doses that are likely to be within a therapeutic range for targeting multidrug resistant (MDR) Gram-negative bacterial infections, according to the company. Entasis Therapeutics Gonorrhea is a very common infectious disease. The CDC estimates that approximately 1.14 million new gonococcal infections occur in the US each year, and as many as half occur among young people aged 15 to 24. In 2018, 583,405 cases of gonorrhea were reported to the CDC. Zoliflodacin, an antibiotic in the spiropyrimidinetrione class, inhibits type II isomerase to prevent bacterial DNA synthesis. Following positive Phase II results, the Global Antibiotic Research and Development Partnership and Entasis Therapeutics announced in September 2019 the initiation of a global Phase III pivotal trial of zoliflodacin. Also in a Phase III trial at Entasis is sulbactam-durlobactam, which is indicated for multidrug resistant Acinetobacter infections. The emergence and spread of Acinetobacter species, resistant to most of the available antimicrobial agents, is of concern. Sulbactam-durlobactam is a β-lactam-β-lactamase inhibitor combination antibiotic designed to treat serious infections caused by Acinetobacter baumannii-calcoaceticus complex organisms, including multidrug-resistant strains. GlaxoSmithKline Gepotidacin is a novel antibiotic in the triazaacenaphthylene class. It binds to unique sites on DNA gyrase and topoisomerase to inhibit bacterial DNA replication. In October 2019, GlaxoSmithKline announced that patient dosing began in a Phase III clinical program investigating gepotidacin in patients with uncomplicated urinary tract infection (uUTI), also known as acute cystitis, and urogenital gonorrhoea (GC). The Phase III program comprises two studies, which are testing gepotidacin in two common infections caused by bacteria identified as antibiotic resistant threats by the CDC. The first study (EAGLE-1) compares gepotidacin to ceftriaxone plus azithromycin, a guideline-recommended dual therapy approach, in approximately 600 patients with GC. The second study (EAGLE-2) compares gepotidacin to nitrofurantoin, a licensed first-line antibiotic, in approximately 1200 patients with uUTIs, which is common in women. Initial results are expected by the end of 2021. Allecra Therapeutics Allecra Therapeutics, founded in 2013, is developing novel therapies to combat antibiotic resistance by overcoming emergent resistance mechanisms. The company’s lead product candidate, cefepime/enmetazobactam, has shown superiority over standard of care in patients with cUTIs in a randomized, controlled Phase III trial. Allecra Therapeutics is preparing submissions for marketing approval in the US and EU based on these results. The company has patent protection covering proprietary enmetazobactam in major territories worldwide. In December 2020, Shanghai Haini Pharmaceutical Co. and Allecra Therapeutics signed an exclusive licensing agreement under which Shanghai Haini will manufacture, develop and commercialize cefepime/enmetazobactam within Greater China, including Mainland China with Hong Kong and Macau, and Taiwan. MicuRx MicuRx is developing and commercializing antimicrobial therapeutics for MDR superbug infections. The company’s contezolid (MRX-I) is a patented, potential next-generation antimicrobial agent that addresses the common bone marrow toxicity of antimicrobial agents in the oxazolidinone class. Data from pre-clinical and clinical studies in China, the US, and Australia demonstrated that contezolid has the potential to treat severe MDR Gram-positive bacterial infections with an improved safety profile related to bone marrow toxicity. MRX-I, for oral delivery, is being developed against Gram-positive methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and vancomycin-resistant enterococcus (VRE). An NDA has been submitted in China. In the US, the candidate has completed Phase II clinical trials. Contezolid acefosamil (MRX-4), the company’s proprietary water-soluble prodrug of contezolid, also has the potential to safely treat infections with both IV and oral administration, which differentiates it from other current IV-only treatment options. An IND has been approved in China. A Phase II trial has been completed in the US. It is also targeting MRSA and VRE. Iterum Therapeutics Iterum Therapeutics is developing significantly differentiated anti-infectives aimed at combating MDR pathogens. Sulopenem was discovered in the laboratories of Pfizer in the 1980s and was first developed as an IV formulation only. Later, an oral formulation was developed and tested. Although the results were encouraging, development of sulopenem was abandoned when Pfizer transitioned towards other therapeutic areas. In November 2015, Iterum negotiated the license of sulopenem and its prodrugs and restarted the development program. The company is planning its Phase III program. Sulopenem is the first oral and IV penem antibiotic demonstrating a potent spectrum of activity against MDR Gram-negative infections in both the hospital and community settings. It is an orally bioavailable, broad-spectrum penem β-lactam antibiotic under development for the treatment of infections caused by MDR bacteria. Sulopenem etzadroxil - probenecid (tablet) is in pivotal Phase III trials for treating complicated UTIs and uUTIs. IV sulopenem is in a pivotal Phase III trial for treating cUTIs. IV sulopenem is also in a pivotal Phase III trial for treating complicated intra-abdominal infections, as is oral sulopenem etzadroxil - probenecid. Debiopharm Debiopharm develops therapies targeting high unmet medical needs in the oncology and infectious diseases areas. The company identifies high-potential compounds for in-licensing, clinically demonstrates their safety and efficacy, and selects large pharmaceutical commercialization partners to maximize patient access globally. Debiopharm is developing afabicin -- Debio 1450 -- a new antibiotic benefiting from both oral and IV formulations. It is a highly potent, staphylococcus-selective antibiotic with a low propensity to emergence of resistance. This first-in-class enoyl-ACP reductase (FabI) inhibitor retains its activity on staphylococci strains resistant to antibiotics currently in clinical use, including beta lactams, vancomycin, daptomycin, and linezolid. Debio 1450 addresses several hard-to-treat infections. The therapeutic candidate will be studied in bone and joint infections caused by staphylococci. It has completed a large Phase II study for the treatment of acute bacterial skin and skin structure infections (ABSSSI). Arrevus Arrevus is developing novel therapies targeting orphan diseases. The company focuses on diseases with serious outcomes; on those with few treatment options; and on those diseases that have high treatment failure rates with currently available therapies. The company is developing ARV-1801, whose active component is fusidic acid, to treat cystic fibrosis patients in the US. Fusidic acid is a potent S. aureus and MRSA drug. It also is anti-inflammatory, has mucolytic properties, and is active against biofilms, which are communities of bacteria that are commonly resistant to antibiotics and are often found in the lung of cystic fibrosis patients. Fusidic acid is already in cystic fibrosis treatment guidelines in the UK and Australia. Also, fusidic acid has been shown to be safe and effective in numerous cystic fibrosis clinical studies. In May 2020, Arrevus received two grants totaling $800,000 in support of its chaperone protein inhibitor, ARV-1502. The NIH’s National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases awarded a $300,000 grant to investigate the activity of ARV-1502 for the treatment of sepsis. The Department of Defense’s U.S. Army Medical Research and Development Command has awarded a $500,000 grant to investigate ARV-1502 for the acceleration of wound healing. ARV-1502 is an engineered inhibitor of bacterial DnaK, a heat-shock protein, and has a structure that is inspired by insect host defense peptides. Through evolution, insects have evolved proline-rich antimicrobial peptides as a key element of their innate immune response. ARV-1502 is an optimized peptide monomer that is engineered from multiple insect proline-rich antimicrobial peptides and includes an N-terminal non-native amino acid (amino-cyclohexyl carboxylic acid moiety; Chex) that allows ARV-1502 to avoid aminopeptidase cleavage and improve its activity spectrum while eliminating nonspecific binding to the substrate-binding pocket of DnaK. DnaK is essential for stress tolerance and allows organisms to survive conditions that cause protein unfolding or misfolding. DnaK is one of the most highly conserved bacterial protein-coding genes in prokaryotes, making it an especially attractive target. DnaK is involved in antibiotic resistance. In the absence of functional DnaK, MDR bacteria are sensitive to several classes of antibiotics, including fluoroquinolones and β-lactam antibiotics. Arrevus has received more than $3 million through six NIH grants to develop ARV-1502 to target drug resistant bacteria. Boston Pharmaceuticals Boston Pharmaceuticals is developing candidate therapeutics that address important unmet medical needs. The company’s BOS-228 is a monobactam for infections caused by MDR carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae. BOS-228 provides single-agent coverage of both metallo- and serine-β-lactamase producing Enterobacteriaceae. Clinical pharmacokinetics and in vivo pharmacokinetics-pharmacodynamics studies indicate it is efficacious. Fast Track Designation has been granted by FDA for chronic urinary tract and chronic intra-abdominal infections. Phase I single and multiple ascending dose studies have been completed. BOS-572, in the pre-clinical phase, is a broad-spectrum serine beta-lactamase inhibitor (BLI) of the diazabicyclooctane (DBO) class of BLIs. It can restore the antibacterial activity of beta lactams, including piperacillin, against Gram-negative bacteria expressing extended spectrum, AmpC, and serine carbapenemase enzymes. Unlike other DBO BLIs, BOS-572 does not inhibit penicillin-binding protein 2 (PBP-2) and lacks measurable antibacterial activity, simplifying dose-determination of a beta-lactam partner and reducing the potential for the development of resistance. Also in the pre-clinical stage, BOS-981 is a first-in-class, orally bioavailable, small molecule furin inhibitor being investigated in several infectious diseases indications. Furin is one of nine members of the proprotein convertase family, which convert protein precursors into their active forms. Endogenous host furin is utilized by a variety of bacteria and viruses to process their proteins and toxins, such as anthrax, influenza A H5N1 (bird flu), Dengue, Marburg, and Zika viruses.