Cefotaxime Sodium

Study identifies persistent Lyme bacteria in tissue samples and points to need for clinical studies of combination antibiotics in persistent LymePORTOLA VALLEY, Calif., Nov. 21, 2023 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- Bay Area Lyme Foundation, a leading public foundation sponsor of Lyme disease research in the US, today announced results of a laboratory study published in the peer-reviewed journal Frontiers in Microbiology that identifies seven combination therapies that are superior to courses of single antibiotics for treating persistent Lyme disease in an investigational model. These combination therapies were able to eradicate the bacteria from tissue samples, and the study was conducted by Bay Area Lyme Foundation Scientific Advisory Board member Monica Embers Ph.D., along with other researchers from Tulane University. “Our results support the experience of Lyme disease patients whose symptoms have not resolved after a standard course of antibiotics, and these new data suggest that combination therapy should be investigated in clinical studies for treating persistent human Lyme disease,” said Embers, an associate professor of microbiology and immunology and director of Vector-borne Disease Research at Tulane National Primate Research Center. While none of the single courses of antibiotics eliminated persistent infection in this investigational study, some combinations of already FDA-approved antimicrobial treatments were able to eradicate the bacteria. Specifically, four different dual combinations of antibiotics (doxycycline and ceftriaxone; dapsone and rifampicin; dapsone and clofazimine; doxycycline and cefotaxime) and three triple combinations of antibiotics and antimicrobials (doxycycline, ceftriaxone and carbomycin; doxycycline, cefotaxime and loratadine; dapsone, rifampicin and clofazimine) eradicated persistent infections of Borrelia burgdorferi, the bacteria that causes Lyme disease. “With no FDA-approved treatment for persistent Lyme, these data will bring much-needed hope to the approximately 2 million Americans who live with symptoms such as chronic pain, fatigue, and cognitive dysfunction due to this terrible disease,” said Linda Giampa, executive director of the Bay Area Lyme Foundation. “Importantly, this is yet another study demonstrating the existence of persistent infection following a standard course of antibiotics.” In this study, Borrelia burgdorferi was found in tissue cultures taken after a 28-day course of a single antibiotic treatment, supporting previous data showing that the bacteria can persist following standard treatment. Conversely, viable Borrelia burgdorferi was not detected in cultured tissues following administration of the seven treatment combinations. Previous studies funded by Bay Area Lyme Foundation also found other compounds, including natural botanicals, to show promise in killing Borrelia burgdorferi and superiority over commonly prescribed antibiotics in laboratory research. This study was made possible by Bay Area Lyme Foundation’s science research grant program, which includes support from Project Lyme. About Lyme disease The most common vector-borne infectious disease in the US, Lyme disease is a potentially disabling infection caused by bacteria transmitted through the bite of an infected tick to people and pets, and can be potentially passed from a pregnant mother to her unborn baby. If caught early, most cases of Lyme disease can be effectively treated, but it is commonly misdiagnosed due to lack of awareness and inaccurate diagnostic tests. There are almost 500,000 new cases of Lyme disease each year, according to statistics released in 2018 by the CDC. As a result of the difficulty in diagnosing and treating Lyme disease, up to two million Americans may be suffering from the impact of its debilitating long-term symptoms and complications, according to Bay Area Lyme Foundation estimates. About Bay Area Lyme Foundation Bay Area Lyme Foundation, a national organization committed to making Lyme disease easy to diagnose and simple to cure, is the leading public not-for-profit sponsor of innovative Lyme disease research in the US. A 501c3 organization based in Silicon Valley, Bay Area Lyme Foundation collaborates with world-class scientists and institutions to accelerate medical breakthroughs for Lyme disease. It is also dedicated to providing reliable, fact-based information so that prevention and the importance of early treatment are common knowledge. A pivotal donation from The LaureL STEM FUND covers overhead costs and allows for 100% of all donor contributions to the Bay Area Lyme Foundation to go directly to research and prevention programs. For more information about Lyme disease or to get involved, visit www.bayarealyme.org or call us at 650-530-2439. Media contact: Tara DiMilia Phone: 908-369-7168 Tara.DiMilia@tmstrat.com

β-lactamase inhibitors are a new type of β-lactam drugs, with the main ones currently in clinical use being clavulanic acid, sulbactam, and tazobactam. These three compounds have a weak antibacterial activity, or no antibacterial activity at all. However, they can inhibit the activity of β-lactamase, protecting β-lactam antibiotics from being hydrolyzed, or at least reducing this hydrolysis. This leads to a significant decrease in the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of penicillins and cephalosporins, potentially enhancing the potency of these drugs several times or even by dozens. When combined with aminopenicillins, these inhibitors can restore the sensitivity to medication in various enzymatic bacterial strains such as staphylococci, streptococci, neisseria, haemophilus, coliform bacteria, klebsiella, legionella, and several pseudomonas strains among others. When used in combination with antipseudomonal penicillins like piperacillin and meropenem, bacterial strains like maltophilic pseudomonas, leuconostoc, acinetobacter, listeria, salmonella, and others can regain sensitivity. It is important to note that these inhibitors are ineffective against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections. β-lactamase inhibitors can be divided into irreversible and reversible classes. Irreversible inhibitors include clavulanic acid, sulbactam, and tazobactam. These contain a β-lactam ring structure and work by forming a non-covalent bond complex with β-lactamase (this binding is strong and difficult to reverse), causing the enzyme to deactivate and degrade its own structure, hence they are also called suicide enzyme inhibitors or irreversible competitive enzyme inhibitors. They can inhibit most class A β-lactamases except for carbapenemases, but have no inhibitory abilities for the majority of class B, C, and D enzymes. Reversible inhibitors include avibactam, relebactam, and vaborbactam, which do not contain a β-lactam ring structure. They reversibly bind with the active part of the bacteria's β-lactamase, their structure not being degraded in the process, thus having a long-term inhibitory effect. Avibactam and relebactam belong to the diazabicyclooctanes (DABCOs) structure, being resistant to hydrolysis, demonstrating broader-spectrum β-lactamase inhibitory effects and a reversible inhibition, capable of inhibiting Class A and C β-lactamases including carbapenemases. Avibactam can also inhibit OXA-48 in class D enzymes, but relebactam is unable to inhibit OXA-48. Vaborbactam is a boronic acid derivative, a new generation of enzyme inhibitors, which can inhibit class A and C β-lactamases including carbapenemases, but has no inhibitory effect on the class D carbapenemases including OXA-48. How do they work?A β-lactamase inhibitor is a type of drug that is used in combination with certain antibiotics to enhance their effectiveness against bacteria. β-lactamase is an enzyme produced by some bacteria that can break down β-lactam antibiotics, such as penicillins and cephalosporins, rendering them ineffective. When a β-lactamase inhibitor is combined with a β-lactam antibiotic, it can inhibit the activity of the β-lactamase enzyme, allowing the antibiotic to remain active and kill the bacteria. This combination therapy is particularly useful in treating infections caused by bacteria that produce β-lactamase, as it helps to overcome antibiotic resistance. By inhibiting the action of β-lactamase, the β-lactamase inhibitor helps to extend the spectrum of activity of the antibiotic, making it effective against a broader range of bacteria. This combination therapy is commonly used in the treatment of various bacterial infections, including respiratory tract infections, urinary tract infections, and skin infections. Overall, a β-lactamase inhibitor is a valuable tool in combating antibiotic resistance and improving the efficacy of β-lactam antibiotics by preventing the breakdown of these drugs by β-lactamase enzymes produced by bacteria. List of β-lactamase InhibitorsThe currently marketed β-lactamase inhibitors include: Durlobactam/Sulbactam sodiumCefotaxime Sodium/Tazobactam SodiumCilastatin Sodium/Imipenem/RelebactamCefdinir/Clavulanic AcidMeropenem/VaborbactamAvibactam Sodium/CeftazidimeCeftolozane Sulfate/Tazobactam SodiumCeftriaxone Sodium/Sulbactam sodiumCeftriaxone Sodium/Tazobactam SodiumPiperacillin Sodium/Sulbactam sodiumFor more information, please click on the image below. What are β-lactamase inhibitors used for?β-lactamase inhibitors is commonly used in the treatment of various bacterial infections, including respiratory tract infections, urinary tract infections, and skin infections. For more information, please click on the image below to log in and search. How to obtain the latest development progress of β-lactamase inhibitors?In the Synapse database, you can keep abreast of the latest research and development advances of β-lactamase inhibitors anywhere and anytime, daily or weekly, through the "Set Alert" function. Click on the image below to embark on a brand new journey of drug discovery!