Author: Skonieczny, Jaret W ; Schwimmer, Jeffrey B ; Lee, Euyhyun ; Robinson, Miranda K ; Chun, Lauren F ; Ugalde-Nicalo, Patricia A ; Newton, Kimberly P

BACKGROUNDObesity and its associated comorbidities are major public health concerns for which nutrition is central to disease prevention and management. Pentadecanoic acid (C15:0) has the potential for beneficial effects on obesity, but supplementation has not been studied in humans.OBJECTIVESThe primary objective was to investigate changes in plasma C15:0 levels after daily supplementation for 12 wk. Additionally, the study aimed to assess safety and tolerability as well as measure potential markers of physiologic response.METHODSThis was a single-center, double-blind, randomized, controlled, 2-arm trial of 200 mg C15:0 or placebo daily for 12 wk in young adults with overweight or obesity.RESULTSA total of 30 participants with a mean age of 20.0 ± 2.1 y and a mean body mass index of 33.4 ± 5.3 kg/m² were included. In total, 20 participants received C15:0 supplement and 10 received placebo. The mean increase in circulating C15:0 for the treatment group was 1.88 μg/mL greater than that of the placebo group (P = 0.003). No significant adverse events occurred. Half of the participants in the treatment group had a posttreatment C15:0 level >5 μg/mL. In these individuals, there were significantly greater decreases in alanine aminotransferase (-29 U/L, P = 0.001) and aspartate aminotransferase (-6 U/L, P = 0.014), as well as a greater increase in hemoglobin (0.60 g/dL, P = 0.010), as compared with participants that did not reach a posttreatment level >5 μg/mL.CONCLUSIONSDaily C15:0 supplementation increased circulating C15:0 levels in young adults with overweight or obesity. End-of-treatment C15:0 >5 μg/mL was associated with potentially relevant improvements in clinical indices, warranting further study. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT04947176.

01 Mar 2024·The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition

Effect of an Asian-adapted Mediterranean diet and pentadecanoic acid on fatty liver disease: the TANGO randomized controlled trial

Article

Author: Michael, Navin ; Velan, S Sendhil ; Wong, Long Hui ; Eriksson, Johan G ; Magkos, Faidon ; Loo, Evelyn Xiu Ling ; Chooi, Yu Chung ; Muthiah, Mark Dhinesh ; Zhang, Qinze Arthur ; Yaligar, Jadegoud ; Elejalde, Untzizu ; Goh, Chew Chan ; Wu, Xiaorong ; Ng, Maisie ; Lim, Kevin Junliang ; Yap, Clara Poh Lian ; Volchanskaya, Vera Sergeyevna Brok ; Chong, Yap Seng ; Lai, Xianning ; Wanjaya, Elvy Riani

BACKGROUNDWeight loss is the most effective treatment for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). There is evidence that the Mediterranean diets rich in unsaturated fatty acids and fiber have beneficial effects on weight homeostasis and metabolic risk factors in individuals with NAFLD. Studies have also shown that higher circulating concentrations of pentadecanoic acid (C15:0) are associated with a lower risk for NAFLD.OBJECTIVESTo examine the effects of a Mediterranean-like, culturally contextualized Asian diet rich in fiber and unsaturated fatty acids, with or without C15:0 supplementation, in Chinese females with NAFLD.METHODSIn a double-blinded, parallel-design, randomized controlled trial, 88 Chinese females with NAFLD were randomly assigned to 1 of the 3 groups for 12 wk: diet with C15:0 supplementation (n = 31), diet without C15:0 supplementation (n = 28), or control (habitual diet and no C15:0 supplementation, n = 29). At baseline and after the intervention, body fat percentage, intrahepatic lipid content, muscle and abdominal fat, liver enzymes, cardiometabolic risk factors, and gut microbiome were assessed.RESULTSIn the intention-to-treat analysis, weight reductions of 4.0 ± 0.5 kg (5.3%), 3.4 ± 0.5 kg (4.5%), and 1.5 ± 0.5 kg (2.1%) were achieved in the diet-with-C15:0, diet without-C15:0, and the control groups, respectively. The proton density fat fraction (PDFF) of the liver decreased by 33%, 30%, and 10%, respectively. Both diet groups achieved significantly greater reductions in body weight, liver PDFF, total cholesterol, gamma-glutamyl transferase, and triglyceride concentrations compared with the control group. C15:0 supplementation reduced LDL-cholesterol further, and increased the abundance of Bifidobacterium adolescentis. Fat mass, visceral adipose tissue, subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue (deep and superficial), insulin, glycated hemoglobin, and blood pressure decreased significantly in all groups, in parallel with weight loss.CONCLUSIONMild weight loss induced by a Mediterranean-like diet adapted for Asians has multiple beneficial health effects in females with NAFLD. C15:0 supplementation lowers LDL-cholesterol and may cause beneficial shifts in the gut microbiome.TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBERThis trial was registered at the clinicaltrials.gov as NCT05259475.

01 Aug 2021·Journal of Separation ScienceQ3 · CHEMISTRY

Multivariate statistics for summarizing diesel feeds for flammability attributes using comprehensive two‐dimensional gas chromatography

Q3 · CHEMISTRY

Article

Author: Machakanur, Shrinath ; Savalia, Anilkumar ; Bhakthavatsalam, Vishnupriya

AbstractComprehensive 2D gas chromatography has been utilized for analyzing complex mixtures of hydrocarbons of diesel feeds. Here, we evaluated 19 diesel feeds for their paraffinic, naphthenic, and aromatic group compositions dictating their flammability properties. Compositional ranges of feeds were as follows: paraffins: 9.6–57.8%, naphthenes: 7.9–38.5%, and aromatics: 10.5–82.3%. Diesel's flammability performance is estimated by thermodynamic conditions and rates of radical formation of hydrocarbon type in actual engine condition, limiting cetane number. However, limitations are overcome by understanding the relative compositional variations of feeds by simple ranking of feeds based on C15‐16 compositions. Due to the multidimensional variability of feeds, a principal component analysis was adopted later for its distinguishing capability. Paraffinic, naphthenic, and aromatic group's principal component analysis clustered up feeds based on the higher concentration of individual hydrocarbon group. We explored hierarchical cluster analysis to organize feeds into classes of mixed C9 to C26 paraffin's composition in the diesel range. Further, for discriminating C15–C16 enriched and depleted feeds in total paraffin composition, a row dendrogram with heat map was drawn. The above multivariate methods have led to a fair distinction of nonadditive feed compositions influencing flammability properties by radical formation rate.

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