The pharmacology of amino acid transporters in the SLC6 family is poorly developed compared to that of the neurotransmitter transporters. To identify new inhibitors of the proline transporter SIT1 (SLC6A20), its expression in Xenopus laevis oocytes was optimized. Trafficking of SIT1 was augmented by co-expression of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) in oocytes but there was no strict requirement for co-expression of ACE2. A pharmacophore-guided screen identified tiagabine as a potent non-competitive inhibitor of SIT1. To understand its binding mode, we determined the cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structure of ACE2-SIT1 bound with tiagabine. The inhibitor binds close to the orthosteric proline binding site, but due to its size extends into the cytosolic vestibule. This causes the transporter to adopt an inward-open conformation, in which the intracellular gate is blocked. This study provides the first structural insight into inhibition of SIT1 and generates tools for a better understanding of the ACE2-SIT1 complex. These findings may have significance for SARS-CoV-2 binding to its receptor ACE2 in human lung alveolar cells where SIT1 and ACE2 are functionally expressed.

16 Jan 2019·ACS Chemical NeuroscienceQ3 · MEDICINE

Studies on the Activity of Selected Highly Lipophilic Compounds toward hGAT1 Inhibition. Part II

Q3 · MEDICINE

Article

Author: Sałat, Kinga ; Kowalska, Magdalena ; Fijałkowski, Łukasz ; Podkowa, Adrian ; Nowaczyk, Alicja

In this paper, we describe the latest results involving molecular modeling and pharmacodynamic studies of the selected highly lipophilic compounds acting by human GABA transporter 1 (hGAT1) inhibition. The chemical interaction of 17 GABA analogues with a model of hGAT1 is described using the molecular docking method. The biological role of GAT1 is related to the regulation of GABA level in the central nervous system and GAT1 inhibition plays an important role in the control of seizure threshold. To confirm that GAT1 can be also a molecular target for drugs used to treat other neurological and psychiatric diseases (e.g., pain and anxiety), in the in vivo part of this study, potential antinociceptive and anxiolytic-like properties of tiagabine, a selective GAT1 inhibitor, are described.

01 Feb 2015·ChemMedChemQ3 · MEDICINE

Generation and Screening of Oxime Libraries Addressing the Neuronal GABA Transporter GAT1

Q3 · MEDICINE

Article

Author: Klaus T. Wanner ; Felix T. Kern

AbstractThe objective of the present study was to transfer the concept of library screening by MS binding assays, so far applied to pseudostatic hydrazine libraries, to static oxime libraries to screen for new potent inhibitors of mGAT1, the most abundant GABA transporter in the central nervous system that represents a validated drug target for the treatment of epilepsy. Library generation was performed by reaction of guvacine derivatives possessing a hydroxylamine functionality with various sets of four aldehydes. After dilution, the libraries were screened by competitive MS binding assays. Deconvolution experiments allowed hits in the most active libraries to be identified, and they were resynthesized for biological evaluation. That way a series of compounds was identified that displayed binding affinities ≥8.00 (pKi) at mGAT1, one of which was found to be the most potent mGAT1 inhibitor known to date in a functional GABA uptake assay with a pIC50 value of 8.27±0.03.

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Indication	Highest Phase	Country/Location	Organization	Date
Epilepsy	Phase 1	United States	-	-
Epilepsy	Phase 1	Canada	-	-
Epilepsy	Phase 1	-	Pfizer Inc.	-
Epilepsy	Phase 1	United States	-	-
Epilepsy	Phase 1	Canada	-	-
Epilepsy	Phase 1	-	Pfizer Inc.	-

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