WEDNESDAY, June 5, 2024 -- Neoadjuvant ipilimumab plus nivolumab followed by surgery results in longer event-free survival than surgery followed by adjuvant nivolumab among patients with resectable, macroscopic stage III melanoma, according to a study published online June 2 in the New England Journal of Medicine to coincide with the annual meeting of the American Society of Clinical Oncology, held from May 31 to June 4 in Chicago. The researchers found that the estimated 12-month event-free survival was 83.7 and 57.2 percent in the neoadjuvant and adjuvant groups, respectively, at a median follow-up of 9.9 months. There was an eight-month difference in restricted mean survival (hazard ratio for progression, recurrence, or death, 0.32). In the neoadjuvant group, 59.0, 8.0, 26.4, and 2.4 percent of patients had a major pathological response, partial response, nonresponse, and progression, respectively; surgery had not yet been performed or was omitted in 4.2 percent. The estimated 12-month recurrence-free survival was 95.1, 76.1, and 57.0 percent among patients in the neoadjuvant group with a major pathological response, partial response, and nonresponse, respectively.
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