Jiujiang University

A miniature ion trap particle mass spectrometer with both optical and charge detection systems was constructed in this work. The instrument was initially constructed with an open architecture and mounted on a 600 × 450 mm optical bench. With further compact integration, the system can be accommodated within an aluminum enclosure with dimensions of 333 × 221 × 192 mm and a total mass of approximately 8 kg. In the optical detection mode, the stationary star pattern ion motion was observed by detecting the scattered light, and the m/Z value of the particle ion was calculated accurately. In the charge detection mode, the particle m/Z value, the charge number Z, and the particle mass were determined quickly. These two working modes can be switched freely. By using 3 μm polystyrene size standards and mice red blood cells as the sample, the feasibility of this instrument was demonstrated.

Essential Thrombocythemia (ET) is a myeloproliferative neoplasm driven by JAK2V617F, CALR, and MPL mutations, characterized by persistent thrombocytosis and hypercoagulability. Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis (CVST) represents a severe complication of ET, yet the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Genetically, the JAK2V617F mutation activates the JAK-STAT pathway, inducing platelet hyperactivation, neutrophil extracellular trap formation, and the release of platelet-derived microparticles, which alter blood rheology and promote thrombosis. Mutations in CALR and MPL accelerate megakaryopoiesis, while erythrocyte dysfunction exacerbates hyperviscosity. Anatomical variations in the cerebral venous sinuses synergize with these abnormalities to create a prothrombotic microenvironment. Diagnostically, MRI/MRV is the first choice, with the primary challenge being the differentiation of venous sinus hypoplasia from thrombosis in ET patients, combined with the detection of the JAK2 mutation for confirmation. This review summarizes the genetic and cellular mechanisms linking ET to CVST, discusses tailored diagnostic strategies and therapies (JAK inhibitors, anticoagulants), and highlights the need for further research to clarify the interplay between molecular abnormalities and vascular factors, aiming to optimize clinical management.

To evaluate the effect of a transformative learning program on enhancing nurses' cultural competence in a Chinese tertiary hospital.

Cultural competence underpins high-quality nursing care in diverse health care settings; however, evidence on transformative learning approaches to enhance cultural competency in China, where cultural diversity has grown substantially, remains limited.

Parallel group randomized controlled trial.

One hundred and forty nurses were randomized to the experimental group (n = 70) and the control group (n = 70). The experimental group underwent a nine-week intervention grounded in Leininger's Culture Care Theory and Mezirow's Transformative Learning Theory, whereas the control group received standard education. Cultural competence was assessed at baseline, immediately post-intervention and 12 weeks post-intervention using the Chinese Cultural Competence Inventory for Nurses.

Of 132 completers, the experimental group demonstrated significantly higher overall competence than the control group (p < 0.05), with significant improvements in the domains of knowledge, skills, respect and understanding, while no significant difference was observed for cultural awareness.

The program effectively enhanced overall and multiple dimensions of cultural competence, supporting transformative learning as a valuable strategy in nurse education and professional development.