Bacille Calmette-Guérin(BCG)is still the only vaccine recommended by WHO to prevent tuberculosis(TB), which has a good preventive effect on tuberculous meningitis and disseminated TB in children and can reduce the risk of severe TB. Although the effect of neonatal vaccination with BCG is pos., the preventive effects on most adult lung diseases are significantly different. In this paper, the immunization status of TB and BCG, characteristics of BCG strains, production technol., quality standard, quality risk, vaccination and abnormal reactions after vaccination, as well as the development status and trend are reviewed, while the suggestions on the development and improvement of BCG are put forward, and the nonspecific protective effect of BCG and the progress in research on novel TB vaccines are prospected.