Zhejiang Gongshang University

Whey protein-associated mouthdrying during oral processing is a driving factor for consumers′ dislike of high-protein beverages, however, remains mechanistically underexplored in dairy systems.This study investigated the fundamental mechanisms driving powderiness in whey protein-enriched dairy beverages (8 % weight/weight protein).We conducted a comparative anal. of whey protein concentrate (WPC) vs. whey protein isolate (WPI) at various casein-whey ratios (80:20 to 20:80) and evaluated thermal processing effects (63 °C/85 °C for 30 min) from rheol. characterization, particle size distribution, tribol. properties, and interfacial adsorption kinetics.Results demonstrated that protein composition significantly altered frictional behavior, with WPC-dominated systems (casein-whey protein ratio of 20:80) exhibiting 33.6 % higher friction coefficients vs. WPI counterparts at 10 mm/s without heating.Thermal treatment at 85 °C induced substantial aggregation in WPI-dominant systems (hydrodynamic diameter increased from 0.150 μm to 0.167 μm) and reduced adsorption capacity by 30.80 %, correlating with impaired lubrication.Conversely, WPC maintained structural homogeneity and enhanced interfacial coverage post-heating, preserving lubrication functionality.These findings establish composition-specific thermal processing guidelines for optimizing sensory attributes in high-protein dairy beverages.

The role of magnetite in shaping microbial communities in natural biofilms and the mechanisms underlying pollutant degradation remain poorly understood. This study demonstrates that magnetite enhanced the degradation of 2,2',4,4'-tetrabrominated ether (BDE-47) in biofilms, with the highest removal rate of 82%. Magnetite promoted the production of extracellular polymeric substances and cytochrome c, enhanced the activity of electron transport system and conductivity, thus inducing the formation of electroactive biofilms. In addition, magnetite increased the bacterial diversity and altered the community composition of biofilms. Metagenomic and metatranscriptomic analyses demonstrated that magnetite specifically enriches genes and microorganisms associated with both mediated and direct interspecies electron transfer (IET), thereby accelerating IET process. Moreover, dissimilatory iron-reducing bacteria and dehalogenase-expressing microorganisms were enriched with magnetite, which facilitated BDE-47 degradation in the biofilms. These findings elucidate the impacts of magnetite on biofilms and the degradation mechanisms of BDE-47, providing theoretical basis for developing biofilm-based remediation technologies.

The associations between problematic social media use (PSMU), depression, and social anxiety (SA) remain a topic of debate. Hence, this study investigated the bidirectional longitudinal relationships of PSMU with depression and SA in a sample of Chinese university students, with an additional emphasis on potential sex differences. A total of 378 students (56.3 % male, 43.7 % female; Mage = 20.49 years, SD = 0.65) completed three waves of survey data. Random Intercept Cross-lagged panel model analysis and multi-group analysis by sex were conducted. At the within-person level, a reciprocal relationship was observed between PSMU and depression over time. Furthermore, SA predicted later increases in PSMU, whereas the reverse associations were not significant. These results highlight the dynamic interplay among emotional symptoms and digital behavior, and underscore the importance of considering both individual differences and temporal fluctuations in future research.