Objective To enhance the hypocrellin production by optimizing the fermentation media of Shiraia bambusicola CGMCC 2201.Methods The key components of fermentation media were firstly determined by onefactor-at-a-time experiment, and then the concentrations of key components were optimized by the central composite design and the response surface anal.Moreover, the effects of plant oils on the hypocrellin biosynthesis were also investigated to obtain the optimal fermentation medium formula for hypocrellin production by submerged culture of S. bambusicola CGMCC 2201.Results Four key components of fermentation media were selected, which were glucose, ammonium sulfate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and magnesium sulfate, and soybean oil significantly enhanced the biosynthesis of hypocrellin.The components of the optimized fermentation media(g/L) were: glucose 47.33, ammonium sulfate 2.14, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 2.87, magnesium sulfate 1.68, and soybean oil 10.The hypocrellin yield reached 257.66 mg/L in the optimal media, 141.25% higher than that in the initial media.Conclusion Media components were the important factors in the biosynthesis of hypocrellin in S. bambusicola CGMCC 2201, and the hypocrellin production was significantly increased by the optimization of fermentation media.