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Groundwater samples were gathered from various sites adjacent to Manchanabele Reservoir and their uranium concentration was measured using a Light Emitting Diode (LED) fluorimeter. The results show that the uranium concentration varied widely from 0.2 to 358.1 ppb, with a Geometric Mean (GM) of 16.51 ppb. According to the Atomic Energy Regulatory Board (AERB) and World Health Organization (WHO) standard values, high uranium concentrations are found in 23 % and 34 % of samples, respectively. Water samples from public water purifiers which use reverse osmosis were also taken from the same locations in order to comprehend the potential decrease in uranium content. The uranium concentration in these samples varied from 0.2 to 18.1 ppb, with a GM of 0.32 ppb. Every water sample taken from the water purifiers reveals a concentration that is well within the safe limit of 30 ppb. Uranium levels are found to be comparatively very less in purified waters than those collected directly from the borewells. From the measured concentration of uranium, the radiological risk parameters estimated in terms of lifetime cancer risk is in the range of 0.001x10^-3 to 1.14x10^-3 with GM of 0.05x10^-3. The chemical toxicity risk measured as lifetime annual daily dose is found to range from 0.007 to 13.34 μg/kg/day with GM of 0.61 μg/kg/day for groundwater samples and 0.0006x10^-3 to 0.05x10^-3 with GM of 0.001x10^-3, 0.0074-0.67 μg/kg/day with GM of 0.012 μg/kg/day for purified water samples. Annual Effective Dose (AED) for the different age group was estimated and the values for Infants, children and Adults are found to vary between 0.4 and 734.99 μSv/y with a GM of 33.88 μSv/y, 0.141-251.84 μSv/y with a GM of 11.61μSv/y and 0.17-310.60μSv/y with a GM of 14.32 μSv/y for groundwater samples and 0.41-37.14 μSv/y with GM of 0.65 μSv/y, 0.14-12.72 μSv/y with GM of 0.22 μSv/y, 0.17-15.69 μSv/y with GM of 0.27 μSv/y respectively for purified water samples. The physicochemical parameters like pH and Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) were also measured and the dependence of uranium concentration on these parameters has also been studied.

01 Jul 2025·Materials Science and Engineering: B

Microstructure, electrical, and transport properties: Graphene oxide reinforced poly (vinyl alcohol)-chitosan based polymer blend electrolytes

Author: Hegde, Shreedatta ; Sagar, Rohan N. ; Ravindrachary, V.

In this present work, graphene oxide (GO) was synthesized using modified Hummer's method.The polyvinyl alc.-chitosan (PVA-CS) and GO doped solid polymer blend nanocomposite film were prepared using solution cast method.FTIR study shows the shift in characteristic peaks of the pure polymer blend due to doping and a new peak is observed at 1734 cm^-1 in GO (5 wt%) doped polymer composites.Optical absorption band is shifted from 206 nm to 237 nm with an increase in GO concentration to 5 wt% and the E_g value decreased from 4.69 eV to 2.32 eV for 5 wt% GO concentrationX-ray diffraction study indicates the crystalline nature of the PVA-CS increases with GO concentrationSEM images show the surface roughness of PVA-CS increases upon GO doping.Impedance plots revealed that the resistive component and the relaxation time decreases with GO concentrationThe highest conductivity of 2.83 X 10^-4 Scm^-1 is observed for 5 wt% GO concentrationThe transport property shows that the ions are the majority conducting charge carriers in this composites.

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Pipeline

Pipeline Snapshot as of 19 Dec 2025

The statistics for drugs in the Pipeline is the current organization and its subsidiaries are counted as organizations,Early Phase 1 is incorporated into Phase 1, Phase 1/2 is incorporated into phase 2, and phase 2/3 is incorporated into phase 3

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