Kafrelsheikh University

This study sought to ascertain if zinc nanoparticles (ZnNPs) could lessen the toxicity of azoxystrobin (AZ). This naturally occurring methoxyacrylate is one of the most often used fungicides in agriculture in male albino rats. Six sets of 60 mature male albino rats were randomly assigned: control (distilled water), Azoxystrobin formulation (AZOF), Azoxystrobin nano-formula (AZON), ZnNPs, AZOF + ZnNPs, and AZON + ZnNPs. Blood and tissues were obtained for further immunohistochemical, pathological, and biochemical examination. The results showed that exposure to AZOF and AZON significantly increased the levels of the oxidative stress indicators glutathione peroxidase (GPx), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and malondialdehyde (MDA). Additionally, AZOF significantly impacts liver function bioindicators, including aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels. AZOF and AZON induced damage to the liver and kidney by disrupting vascular dilatation and causing hemorrhages, apoptosis, inflammatory lymphocytes, and necrosis. Furthermore, co-administration of ZnNPs with fungicides (AZOF and AZON) can gently enhance the alterations of oxidative stress and liver function bioindicators levels. These findings showed that ZnNPs could help male rats receiving AZ treat their histologically abnormal liver and kidney.

This study presents a very sensitive and eco-friendly synchronous spectrofluorimetric method for the simultaneous quantification of propofol (PRP) and nalbuphine (NAL) for the first time. The technique used the intrinsic fluorescence characteristics of the two drugs, providing enhanced sensitivity and specificity. The two drugs were assessed simultaneously at 217 nm and 281 nm for PRP and NAL, respectively, with a synchronous wavelength difference (Δλ) of 80 nm. The proposed method was validated according to ICH Q2 (R2) requirements, exhibiting satisfactory accuracy, precision, linearity, and selectivity within the designated concentration ranges. The concentrations exhibited linearity within the ranges of 15.0-300.0 ng/mL and 0.5-16.0 µg/mL, with detection limits of 2.67 ng/mL and 0.15 µg/mL for PRP and NAL, respectively. The developed approach, owing to its great sensitivity, was utilized to assess the examined drugs in human plasma samples. The results demonstrated good bioanalytical applicability, exhibiting high recovery percentages (98.40-101.70) and low relative standard deviation (%RSD) values (<1.66). The proposed method was applied to accurately analyze the cited drugs in their ampoule dosage forms with great selectivity. The MoGAPI and AGREE metricsdemonstrated the method's exceptional eco-friendliness and sustainability. Additionally, the BAGI tool was employed to assess the method's economic viability, applicability, and practicality. The three tools demonstrated the sustainability and feasibility of the developedapproach, as well as its appropriateness for the routine analysis of the examined drugs. The developed method represents the first analytical technique for the concurrent estimation of PRP and NAL without the necessity for toxic reagents, excessive organic solvents, or complicated instruments. The method is derivatization-free and does not require complicated sample treatment or lengthy extraction procedures. The suggested method's excellent sensitivity, simplicity, speed, environmental friendliness, and cost-effectiveness make it appropriate for therapeutic drug monitoring of the studied drugs.

Sweet lupine serves as a valuable source of various biological compounds such as protein, fat, ash, and fibers with 157.69 mg GAE/100 g total phenolic compounds and 9.66 mg QE/100 g total flavonoids with high antioxidant scavenging activity. This study investigates the impact of partially replacing skim milk powder with sweet lupine flour (SLF) as an economical component in a trial to make functional low-fat ice cream formulations, incorporating 15 % strawberry pulp to enrich the flavor across multiple treatments. SLF was substituted for skim milk powder at rates of 0 %, 10 %, 20 %, and 30 % in low-fat ice cream (1 % fat), with a full-fat variant (8 % fat) serving as the control for comparison. The different samples were analyzed for chemical composition, physicochemical properties, overrun, rheological characteristics, meting rate, production cost, phytochemicals, total phenolic compounds, antioxidant scavenging activity, and sensory properties. Findings indicated that SLF significantly decreased pH values, freezing point, production cost, and melting rate while increasing the rheological characteristics, overrun, total phenolic compounds and antioxidant scavenging activity compared to the control. Replacing up to 20 % skim milk powder with SLF and 15 % strawberry pulp led to low-fat ice cream with enhanced quality attributes, a 31.05 % decrease in production costs, and overall acceptability ratings similar to those of the control samples. Increasing the addition of the SLF ratio to 30 % with 15 % strawberry pulp gained lower acceptability scores than the lower ratio because of beany flavor.