Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua

This study will examine within-subject (pre-post) changes in muscle quality, body composition, and functional response following a concurrent exercise program (aerobic + resistance training) in individuals after bariatric surgery. This is a single-center, prospective, longitudinal, quasi-experimental study with a one-group pre-post design. Men and women aged 18 to 60 years who have undergone sleeve gastrectomy or gastric bypass at BUPA Clinic Santiago, are PAD voucher beneficiaries, and have a medical indication for metabolic rehabilitation will be included. Participants will enter the study from postoperative week 4, when the baseline assessment will be performed and the program will begin. The intervention will consist of a 5-week supervised program delivered as two in-person sessions per week (10 sessions in total), each lasting approximately 60 minutes; additionally, participants will be prescribed one autonomous home-based session per week guided by an exercise plan provided by the responsible professional (as a complementary recommendation, not systematically recorded for adherence calculation). After the program, a 1-week period without supervised sessions will be observed, and the final assessment will be performed during the following week. Therefore, outcomes will be measured at two time points: baseline (pre-intervention) and 7 weeks after baseline (after 5 weeks of exercise and 1 week of rest). Adherence will be assessed exclusively as the attendance rate to the 10 supervised in-clinic sessions during the 5-week intervention period, calculated as: adherence (%) = (attended supervised sessions / 10) × 100; for descriptive purposes, adherence will be categorized as high (≥80%), moderate (60-79%), or low (<60%). Exploratory analyses will examine the association between adherence (%) and the magnitude of pre-post changes in primary outcomes using multivariable linear regression models, adjusting for weight change during the intervention period (Δweight = post-intervention weight - baseline weight). Muscle quality will be assessed using musculoskeletal ultrasound of the rectus femoris (Philips Lumify) with ImageJ image analysis, including thickness measures and parameters related to fat infiltration/echo intensity and area according to a standardized protocol. Body composition will be assessed by bioelectrical impedance analysis (InBody S10). Functional response will be measured using the One-minute Sit-to-Stand Test (1min-STST), with vital signs and perceived exertion (modified Borg scale) recorded as appropriate. Quality of life will be assessed as a secondary outcome using the Moorehead-Ardelt II questionnaire. The expected results will provide clinically relevant evidence on within-subject changes and on the association between adherence to a concurrent exercise program and muscle-related outcomes, supporting optimization of postoperative metabolic rehabilitation after bariatric surgery.

Obesity is a problem that affects almost every region of the world. In Chile, data indicate that the prevalence of obesity in preschool children aged 4 to 6 years is 58%, which increases as they reach adolescence and adulthood. The role played by physical inactivity in the development of obesity is so relevant that it has been established that in children it is one of the factors that most contributes to the development of obesity. Among factors that influence adherence to healthy lifestyles are motor competence (CM) and physical condition (CF); Both CM and CF are factors that generate an underlying mechanism that decreases the risk of obesity and promotes health. Health-related quality of life [HRQoL] refers to an individual's subjective perception of the impact of health status on their physical, psychological, and social functioning. Overweight and obesity influence HRQoL. Physical activity interventions applied from an early age have proven to be a useful means of preventing childhood obesity, being more effective when implemented in the school environment and is key to achieving long-term results. The ecological model of physical activity favors modifying active lifestyle behaviors including intrapersonal, interpersonal, organizational, community, physical-environmental and political factors. Using the ecological model, physical activity interventions have managed to increase the levels of physical activity since the child and the entire environment that surrounds him or her are involved, that is, they have included the biological and behavioral, along with the motivational, school, in addition to taking into account environmental, cultural and socioeconomic aspects. The general objective of the project is to determine the effect of a physical activity intervention based on the ecological model, in the improvement of obesity parameters and quality of life in preschoolers from 4 to 6 years old. The study is experimental through a cluster-randomized clinical trial; of pre and postest.
The methodological approach is mixed. Physical Condition will be measured through the PREFIT battery with the following components:
body composition (weight, waist circumference; hip circumference, BMI); Musculoskeletal capacity (upper body strength, lower body strength; speed/agility); Cardiorespiratory capacity. Motor competence will be measured through the Children's Movement Assessment Battery (MABC-2) with the following components: Manual dexterity; Marksmanship and catch; Balance. Health-related quality of life will be assessed through the KINDL-R questionnaire for parents, in the validated version in Spanish; Sedentary behaviour and physical activity ActiGraph wGT3X-BT accelerometers will be used. To determine the effect, statistical tests will be applied for intragroup analysis and intrasubject repeated measures, considering p <.05 as significance. When statistically significant differences are found, the effect size will be calculated. In addition, the use of mixed regression models is contemplated where the models will be adjusted for baseline values and age. It is hypothesized that the physical activity intervention based on the ecological model will lead to a 3% decrease in body fat, improves anthropometric measurements, physical condition, improved competence and health-related quality of life.

To evaluate whether there is clinical improvement through the scales (Bristol, IBS severity score, and IBS quality of life) in women with irritable bowel syndrome after administration of SC-FOS (short-chain fructooligosaccharides).