Sunchon National University

The objective of this study is to investigate the effect of β-mannanase in energy and amino acid-deficient broiler diets on the growth performance, carcass yields, ileal nutrient digestibility, viscosity, intestinal morphology, and blood metabolites of broilers from hatch to day 35. A total of 168 one-day-old Ross 308 broiler chicks were randomly assigned to one of three dietary treatments in a completely randomized design, with each treatment having eight replicates and seven birds per cage. The treatments were as follows: i) positive control diet (PC) containing standard energy and amino acids; ii) negative control (NC) with 150 kcal/kg metabolizable energy (ME) and 4.5 % amino acids reduction compared to PC; iii) NC supplemented with 100 g/ton β-mannanase (NC + β-mannanase). Broilers fed the PC and NC + β-mannanase diets showed improved growth performance, including body weight on day 35 (P < 0.001), average daily gain (Day 1-35; P = 0.001), and feed efficiency (Day 1-35; P < 0.001), alongside lower (P < 0.001) digesta viscosity and enhanced ileal digestibility of dry matter (P < 0.001), crude protein (P < 0.001), and energy (P < 0.001), as well as an improved (P < 0.001) villus height to crypt depth ratio, compared to those on the NC diet. Regarding carcass traits, liver yield was higher (P < 0.001) in broilers on the NC + β-mannanase diet compared to other treatments by day 35. Additionally, the NC + β-mannanase diet lowered (P < 0.001) IL-1β and IFN-γ levels and increased (P < 0.001) IL-10 levels compared to the other groups. In conclusion, β-mannanase supplementation with 100 g/MT β-mannanase in nutrient-deficient diets improved broiler performance by reducing intestinal viscosity and enhancing nutrient utilization efficiency. It also promoted the development of metabolic organs like the liver, as well as immune organs such as the spleen and thymus, while modulating inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokine responses.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1007/s10068-023-01330-0.].

Herein, a novel series of naphthamide derivatives has been rationally developed, synthesized, and evaluated for their inhibitory activity against monoamine oxidase (MAO) and cholinesterase (ChE) enzymes. Compared to the reported naphthalene-based hit IV, the new naphthamide hybrids 2a, 2c, 2g and 2h exhibited promising MAO inhibitory activities; with an IC₅₀ value of 0.294 μM, compound 2c most potently inhibited MAO-A, while compound 2g exhibited most potent MAO-B inhibitory activity with an IC₅₀ value of 0.519 μM. Compounds 2c and 2g showed selectivity index (SI) values of 6.02 for MAO-A and 2.94 for MAO-B, respectively. On the other hand, most compounds showed weak inhibitory activity against ChEs except 2a and 2h over butyrylcholinesterase (BChE). The most potent compounds 2c and 2g were found to be competitive and reversible MAO inhibitors based on kinetic and reversibility studies. Plausible interpretations of the observed biological effects were provided through molecular docking simulations. The drug-likeness predicted by SwissADME and Osiris property explorer showed that the most potent compounds (2a, 2c, 2g, and 2h) obey Lipinski's rule of five. Accordingly, in the context of neurological disorders, hybrids 2c and 2g may contribute to the identification of safe and potent therapeutic approaches in the near future.