The yeast Torulaspora delbrueckii , which propagates as a haploid, was made into a diploid by treatment with dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) on the regeneration of protoplasts. The diploid state was stably inherited; the cell volume was three times that of the parent strain and the cellular DNA content was two times that of the parental strain. No essential difference was found between diploids induced by DMSO and those formed through intraspecific protoplast fusion. The diploid strains sporulated fairly well, with their cells converting directly into asci. Random spore analysis revealed that diploids induced through protoplast fusion gave rise to auxotrophic segregants (haploids) with the parental genetic marker or to segregants formed by recombination, while diploids induced by DMSO from a doubly auxotrophic parent gave rise to no recombinant, indicating that it was chromosomally homoallelic in nature. The magnesium level in the protoplast regeneration medium was found to be an important factor for inducing diploid formation. At 0.2 mM magnesium diploids appeared even in the absence of DMSO, while at 2 mM magnesium diploids never appeared unless DMSO was added to the regeneration medium. Evidence is provided that the diploids induced by DMSO or a low magnesium level are due to direct diploidization but not protoplast fusion. UV light irradiation of intact cells (without protoplasts), 10% of which survived, also produced diploids among this surviving population. From these results we conclude that the perturbation of protoplast regeneration or of cell division by the treatments mentioned above somehow induced direct diploidization of T. delbrueckii.

News (Medical) associated with Sankyo Corp.

24 Jul 2006

·www.biospace.com

U.S. Department Of Health And Human Services And Centers For Disease Control And Prevention Announce Intention to Increase Proportion Of Relenza In Avian Flu Pandemic Stockpile

MELBOURNE, Australia and WASHINGTON, July 24 /PRNewswire/ -- The United States Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) has announced a contract award with GlaxoSmithKline (GSK) to assist states to increase their stockpiles of the influenza antiviral drug Relenza(R) (zanamivir). This announcement followed a report released by the Department of Human Health Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention on June 29, which outlined HHS plans to increase the proportion of Relenza in the US stockpile to 20 percent of the targeted total of 81 million courses. The HHS attributed the increase to the effectiveness of Relenza against H5N1 stranis resistant to Tamiflu(R) (oseltamivir phosphate). Biota receives royalties from the sale of Relenza, which is marketed by GSK. A full copy of the HHS news release of 20 July 2006, is available at . About Biota Biota is a world-leading antiviral drug development company based in Melbourne, with key expertise in respiratory diseases, particularly influenza. Biota developed the first-in-class neuraminidase inhibitor drug, zanamivir, subsequently marketed by GSK as Relenza. Relenza is currently being stockpiled by a number of national governments for defense against avian influenza. Biota receives royalties from sales of Relenza. Recent Biota research breakthroughs have included a series of candidate drugs aimed at Respiratory Syncytial Virus (subsequently licensed to MedImmune Inc.) and Human Rhinovirus. Biota is also engaged in early stage research targeting hepatitis C virus infection. In addition, Biota has key partnerships with Sankyo; for the development of second generation flu antivirals (called LANI or Long Acting Neuraminidase Inhibitors) and with Thermo Electron; Biota developed the FLU OIA(R) influenza diagnostics, currently marketed in the US. (TM) Relenza is a registered trademark of the GlaxoSmithKline group of companies. (R) FLU OIA & FLU OIA A/B are registered trademarks of Thermo Electron Corporation. *Further information is available at . Biota CONTACT: David Sheon of SciWords, LLC, +1-202-518-6321, for Biota Web site:

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