Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University

Bi₂O₃ emerges as a promising alkaline battery anode material due to its high theoretical capacity (380 mAh g^-1) and reversible Bi³⁺/Bi⁰ redox chemistry. However, persistent challenges including insufficient active site exposure and low intrinsic conductivity result in actual capacities falling short of theoretical value. Multiscale Bi/Bi₂O_3-x Mott-Schottky heterostructures confined within mesoporous carbon networks (Bi/Bi₂O_3-x@C) are constructed through the controlled pyrolysis of Bi-metal-organic-farmwork (Bi-MOF) sacrificial template. The established Mott-Schottky interface between metallic Bi and semiconducting Bi₂O_3-x effectively modulates charge distribution through built-in electric fields and lower the OH^- absorption energy to -3.98 eV, while the mesoporous carbon confinement architecture simultaneously enhances particle dispersion and enables rapid mass transfer kinetics. The optimized Bi/Bi₂O_3-x@C anode demonstrates exceptional electrochemical performance with high specific capacity (172.2 mAh g^-1 at 1 A g^-1), and outstanding rate capability (90% retention at 4 A g^-1) in 1 M KOH. The enhanced energy-storage performance is attributed to the synergistic effects of tunable Bi domain sizes and oxygen vacancy concentrations, which facilitate efficient ion diffusion pathways, as well as hierarchical porosity that ensures structural integrity during cycling.

Probiotics have garnered widespread attention for their various beneficial effects on human health. However, systematic reviews on how probiotics alleviate diseases, their environmental interactions, and encapsulation effects on viability remain scarce. In this review, the beneficial physiological effects of probiotics and the mechanisms by which internal and external environments impair probiotic viability are described. More importantly, the latest encapsulation technologies and the principles of improving probiotic viability in recent years are reviewed. Probiotics can be encapsulated by single-cell self-assembly, emulsions, hydrogels, electrospinning, electrospraying, biofilm, thin-film and novel shell-core microbeads. It is noteworthy that shell-core microbeads can encapsulate probiotics independently in a lipid environment for long-lasting storage stability and better retention of gastrointestinal viability. Additionally, the application of probiotics in food, agriculture, and medicine is discussed. This review will offer valuable insights into the design of novel encapsulation systems for probiotics and further research on probiotic applications.

Crizotinib, a first-line multi-kinase inhibitor for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), faces clinical limitations including systemic toxicity, drug resistance, and insufficient tumor-selective accumulation. To address these challenges, we engineered a microfluidic-fabricated carrier-free nanodrugs (CRZ-Fe@MP) through coordination-driven self-assembly of crizotinib and Fe²⁺ ions, integrated with c-Met-targeting peptides (Met-pep1) modified with near-infrared fluorescence day (MPA). The resulting nanodrugs exhibited pH-responsive drug release in the tumor microenvironment (TME), enabling tumor-activated chemotherapy while Fe²⁺-mediated Fenton reactions generated hydroxyl radicals (•OH) for synergistic chemo-dynamic therapy (CDT) and ferroptosis induction. Real-time fluorescence imaging-guided therapy revealed enhanced tumor-targeting efficiency through dual targeting mechanisms combining passive Enhanced Permeability and Retention Effect (EPR) and active c-Met recognition. In A549 xenograft models, CRZ-Fe@MP achieved high tumor suppression with concurrent imaging capability and minimized systemic toxicity. This platform synergizes chemo-chemo-dynamic actions with high drug loading, overcoming bioavailability limitations while establishing a resistance-evasive therapeutic paradigm for precise NSCLC theranostics.