Numerical simulation of combustion characteristics and emission predictions of methane-air and hydrogen-air mixtures in a constant volume combustion chamber using multi-point laser-induced spark ignition

Author: Patane, Prashant Mahadev ; Nandgaonkar, Milankumar Ramakant

Lean-burn combustion using higher spark energy can enhance the combustion characteristics and emission performance.A laser is electrodeless with a high energy ignition source and can achieve multi-point ignition easily.This paper presents the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modeling of combustion of methane-air and hydrogen-air mixture in a constant volume combustion chamber (CVCC) by using multi-point laser-induced spark ignition (LISI).The numerical simulation is carried out using ANSYS Fluent software, and a standard turbulence model (k-ε) is used.The pressure-time history and reaction progress was plotted for various equivalence ratios (ϕ).Numerical result shows that multi-point ignition can completely burn methane-air and hydrogen-air mixture in the range of 0.77 to 1.68 and 0.36 to 4.1, resp.The maximum peak pressure (P_max) and shortest combustion duration were observed at ϕ of 1.29 for the methane-air mixture and ϕ of 1.0 for the hydrogen-air mixtureThe relative error between the numerical and the exptl. results from the literature are within 10%.The faster reaction progress was observed for the hydrogen-air mixture compared to the methane-air mixture for all equivalence ratios.Finally, the validated numerical model was used to predict the CO, CO_2, and NO_x emission trends.For the methane-air mixture, CO emission increases as the equivalence ratio increases.However, the maximum CO₂ emissions were observed at stoichiometric conditions.The highest NO_x emissions were observed for the hydrogen-air mixture compared to the methane-air mixture at a stoichiometric equivalence ratio.

31 Dec 2025·Environmental Technology Reviews

A comprehensive review of anaerobic membrane bioreactor (AnMBR) technology: advancements and trends from 2010 to 2024

Author: Kalyanraman, V. ; Menon, Snehal S.

An anaerobic membrane bioreactor (AnMBR) combines the advantages of anaerobic treatment and membrane filtration to provide a sustainable, efficient, and versatile wastewater treatment solutionThis review paper provides an exclusive anal. of the state-of-the-art AnMBR technol. from 2010 to 2024.Important advancements are highlighted to showcase strategies for improving system efficiency.As a part of conscious efforts towards a circular economy and sustainability, AnMBR comes as a prospective solution for turning sewage treatment plants into resource recovery facilities.Maximum productivity of AnMBR, typically for low-strength wastewater is achieved in mesophilic temperature conditions with effective hydraulic retention times ranging from 4 to 8 h depending on the influent strength and reactor configurations.Energy recovery from low-strength wastewater can be achieved by feed up-concentration with direct membrane filtration, improving system efficiency by 78-96%.The nutrient-rich AnMBR permeate can either be directly used for fertigation or recovered with different post-treatment strategies with 83-94% efficiency.Varied energy consumption rates are noted, with optimized systems requiring up to 30-50% less energy than conventional activated sludge systems.There is tremendous scope for the development of AnMBR with efficient nutrient and energy recovery from municipal wastewater treatment.

01 Aug 2025·Journal of Molecular Structure

Synthesis, characterization, crystal structures, and toxicity studies of nitro-lawsone, its oxime derivative, and Cu(II) complexes

Author: Prakash, Bharathi ; Salunke-Gawali, Sunita ; Gaikwad, Manisha ; Butcher, Ray J. ; Mokashi, Vivek ; Mondal, Sukanta

A nitro derivative of natural product lawsone viz. 2-hydroxy-3-nitronaphthalene-1,4-dione (HNL) and its oxime derivative 3-hydroxy-4-(hydroxyimino)-2-nitronaphthalen-1(4H)-one (HNLOX) and their Cu(II) complexes were designed, synthesized and characterized in this investigation.The copper(II) complexes [Cu(NL)₂(DMSO)₂]; NL-Cu, Py [Cu(NLOX)₂]; NLOX-Cu are characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction studies, and the redox potentials are determined by Cyclic voltammetry.Hirshfeld surface analyses were done to disclose the weak interactions.A zebrafish (Danio rerio) model was screened to study the toxicity profile of ligands and complexes.The results reveal that ligands exhibit in vivo toxicity at lower doses than metal complexes.

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