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Abstract: The process of isolation and characterization entails examining soil samples from various conditions, followed by conducting biochem. and mol. tests to determine the profiles of biodegradable enzymes in chosen bacterial strains.The focus is mostly on enzymes responsible for breaking down resistant organic substances, highlighting the bacteria′s capacity to enhance soil health and promote the long-term stability of ecosystems.This study provides a thorough anal. of the isolation and characterization of a previously unidentified Bacillus strain that exhibits exceptional dual enzymic properties.The investigation explores this new Bacillus′s capacity for biodegradation, concentrating on its proteolytic and cellulolytic properties.After a variety of environmental samples were screened during the isolation procedure, a Bacillus strain with a distinct enzyme repertoire was eventually discovered.Extensive biochem. and mol. investigations were carried out to clarify the enzymic apparatus of this microbe, emphasizing its possible uses in biotechnol. procedures.By breaking down cellulose substrates, the Bacillus strain′s cellulolytic activity was investigated, demonstrating its ability to use cellulose as a source of carbon.The proteolytic activities were investigated concurrently, highlighting the strain′s potent protein hydrolyzing capacity.Addnl., the study looks at the possible synergistic effects of the two enzymic activities, indicating intriguing uses in several industrial applications, such as the processing of proteins, waste management, and the manufacture of biofuel.The identification of important enzymes involved in the breakdown of proteins and cellulose provides important information for upcoming developments in biotechnol.This study adds to our knowledge of microbial variety and emphasizes the need to use new Bacillus strains with dual enzymic capabilities for effective and sustainable biodegradation processes.The information provided here paves the way for addnl. research into and use of this Bacillus strain in many biotechnol. contexts.The highest enzyme activity was obtained at pH 7 with cellulases 2.055 U mg per min and proteases 211U ml per min, and the highest enzyme activity was obtained at temperature 37° with cellulases 2.440 U mg/mL.Maximum cellulase and protease enzyme activity was in the presence of sucrose around 2.88U/mg and 286U/mL, resp., and providing the nitrogen supply in the form of yeast extract, it was cellulases 2.307 U/mg and proteases260U/mL.With the UV exposure and EMS treatment the maximum proteases and cellulases activities were achieved at 100 μl, 345 U/mL, and 3.840 U/mg/min, Similarly UV exposure for enhanced cellulases and proteases activities by 3868 U/mg/min and 357 U/mL.

27 Jan 2025·Journal of Optical Communications

FSO systems for next generation networks: a review, techniques and challenges

Author: Tripathi, Ashutosh ; Kumari, Meet ; Sharma, Dipti

AbstractFree space optics (FSO) is considered among the emerging technological innovations which are currently being utilized to supersede radio frequency (RF) communication because of its benefits over it, like, low cost, high speed, optimized bandwidth, reduced error and effective communication. In this regard, a brief and comprehensive survey on the FSO system is proposed in this paper under the impact of weather conditions. Furthermore, extending the review, the working, classification and challenges faced in FSO communication systems have also been explored. As the main objective of this review is to analyze and study the performance of FSO systems under varying environmental and turbulent conditions, therefore, in general, categorized the literature survey into two sections general FSO techniques and optimization-based FSO techniques including key findings, future scope as well as comparison tables for understanding the FSO systems more efficiently.

27 Jan 2025·Journal of Optical Communications

Effects of thulium (Tm) concentration and numerical aperture on the gain of thulium doped fiber amplifier (TDFA) for amplification in 2 µm region

Author: Kaur, Gurpreet ; Kaur, Ramandeep ; Singh, Rajandeep ; Gupta, Chahat

AbstractThe effect of numerical aperture and doping concentration of thulium on the gain of TDFA with a single pump is investigated in this paper. Thulium doped fiber length of 10 m is analyzed for commonly used optical pumps of 1050 nm, 1560 nm, 1700 nm, and 1740 nm wavelengths with a power of 100 mW. Also, the thulium concentrations of 15.6 × 1024 m−3, 20 × 1024 m−3, 30 × 1024 m−3, and 40 × 1024 m−3, and numerical apertures of 0.3 and 0.4 are tried for each pump wavelength. It has been found the conventional 1050 nm pump is the least efficient. And in all the cases, the 0.4 numerical aperture is resulting in better gain as compared to the numerical aperture of 0.3. The results in terms of gain are compared for all pumping cases. It is observed that the highest gain of 28.27 dB is obtained at 1830 nm wavelength using pump wavelength of 1740 nm when the doping concentration of 40 × 1024 m−3 and numerical aperture of 0.4 is selected.

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Pipeline

Pipeline Snapshot as of 29 Aug 2025

The statistics for drugs in the Pipeline is the current organization and its subsidiaries are counted as organizations,Early Phase 1 is incorporated into Phase 1, Phase 1/2 is incorporated into phase 2, and phase 2/3 is incorporated into phase 3

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