De novo assembly of the complete mitochondrial genome of Mycetophylax simplex Emery, 1888 through organelle targeting revels no substantial expansion of gene spacers, but rather some slightly shorter genes

Article

Author: Pereira, Adriana Heloísa ; Baldez, Brenda Carla Lima ; Kalapothakis, Evanguedes ; Cristiano, Maykon Passos ; Rosse, Izinara Cruz ; Cardoso, Danon Clemes

Mitochondria play a key role in cell biology and have their own genome, residing in a highly oxidative environment that induces faster changes than the nuclear genome. Because of this, mitochondrial markers have been exploited to reconstruct phylogenetic and phylogeographic relationships in studies of adaptation and molecular evolution. In this study, we determined the complete mitogenome of the fungus-farming ant Mycetophylax simplex (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) and conducted a comparative analysis among 29 myrmicine ant mitogenomes. Mycetophylax simplex is an endemic ant that inhabits sand dunes along the southern Atlantic coast. Specifically, the species occur in the ecosystem known as "restinga", within the Atlantic Forest biome. Due to habitat degradation, land use and decline of restinga habitats, the species is considered locally extinct in extremely urban beaches and is listed as vulnerable on the Brazilian Red List (ICMBio). We employed a mitochondrion-targeting approach to obtain the complete mitogenome through high-throughput DNA sequencing technology. This method allowed us to determine the mitogenome with high performance, coverage and low cost. The circular mitogenome has a length of 16,367 base pairs enclosing 37 genes (13 protein-coding genes, 22 tRNAs and 2 rRNAs) along with one control region (CR). All the protein-coding genes begin with a typical ATN codon and end with the canonical stop codons. All tRNAs formed the fully paired acceptor stems and fold into the typical cloverleaf-shaped secondary structures. The gene order is consistent with the shared Myrmicinae structure, and the A + T content of the majority strand is 81.51%. Long intergenic spacers were not found but some gene are slightly shorter. The phylogenetic relationships based on concatenated nucleotide and amino acid sequences of the 13 protein-coding genes, using Maximum Likelihood and Bayesian Inference methods, indicated that mitogenome sequences were useful in resolving higher-level relationship within Formicidae.

01 Dec 2024·Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology

Diagnosis of Canine Visceral Leishmaniasis by Flow Cytometry Serology using the rMELEISH Multiepitope Antigen Coupled in a Functional Bead

Article

Author: Dias, Daniel S. ; Reis, Alexandre Barbosa ; Ker, Henrique Gama ; da Paz, Mariana Campos ; Teixeira-Neto, Rafael Gonçalves ; Rodrigues, Rita Alaíde Leandro ; Moura, Henrique Bonifácio ; Silva, Eduardo S. ; Nogueira, Lais M. ; Machado, Juliana M. ; Galdino, Alexsandro S. ; Ramos, Luana S.

Background:Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a zoonotic disease, with dogs being the main reservoir of the Leishmania infantum parasite.Objective:To develop a new flow cytometry test to diagnosis canine VL (CVL) diagnosis.Methods:The current study addresses a new flow cytometry test using beads coupled to the multiepitope antigen rMELEISH.Results:In the study set of samples a sensitivity (87.1%) and specificity (89.9%) was observed. Considering the dogs’ clinical status, 20/20 (100.0%) of the symptomatic sera tested positive, while 19/22 (86.4%) of the oligosymptomatic and 16/20 (80.0%) of asymptomatic were positive. In the non-infected control, all samples (0/30) tested as negative. In the cross-reaction control, the test was more efficient in dogs infected with L. braziliensis (2/10) and Trypanosoma cruzi (0/10), than those with Babesia canis (4/10) and Ehrlichia canis (4/10). Dogs immunized with different vaccines (Leishmune, Leish-Tec®, or LBSap) did not present serological reactivity.Conclusion:The flow cytometry serology through coupling the antigen rMELEISH in functional beads showed high accuracy in diagnosing CVL.

01 Dec 2024·Sports Medicine and Health Science

A single session of strength training changed plasma levels of resistin, but not leptin in overweight and obese men

Article

Author: Martins-Costa, Hugo César ; de Faria, Marcelo Henrique Salviano ; Simões E Silva, Ana Cristina ; de Miranda, Aline Silva ; Moreira, Alessandro Roberto Silveira ; Nunes-Silva, Albená ; Souza-Gomes, Antonio Felipe ; Fortes, Yago Martins ; Campos, Leo Nogueira ; de Moura, Samara Silva ; Moreira, Janaina Matos ; Barroso, Lucélia Scarabeli Silva ; de Barros Fernandes, Heliana

Obesity has a complex multifactorial etiology and is characterized by excessive accumulation of adipose tissue. Visceral adipose tissue has deleterious effects on health because it secretes large amounts of inflammatory cytokines. Nutritional calorie restriction associated with strength training may be useful in managing chronic systemic inflammation. This study aimed to evaluate the acute effect of a single strength-training session on plasma adipokine levels in sedentary, overweight, and obese young men. This study included twelve men (Age: [34.95 ± 9.77] years; Height: [174.16 ± 3.66] centimeter [cm]; Weight: [97.83 ± 12.87] kilogram (kg); body mass index [BMI]: [32.30 ± 4.51] kg/m²), who performed a single strength training session. The strength training protocol consisted of 4 sets of 12 repetitions in the following six exercises, 45° leg press, bench press, leg extension, machine row, leg curl, and shoulder press. Blood samples were collected before, immediately after, and 1-h subsequent after strength training. The plasma levels of resistin and leptin were measured. A significant decrease in resistin levels were found 1 h after the strength training session if compared to levels before the training session (pre-[before] [2 390 ± 1 199] picograms per milliliter [pg/mL] vs post-1 h [1-h subsequent] [1 523 ± 798],6 pg/mL, p = 0.002 8). The plasma leptin levels did not differ at any time point. In conclusion, a very well controlled single session of strength training significantly decreased the plasma levels of resistin without altering the concentration of leptin in overweight and obese individuals. This effect, at least in part, supports the benefits of exercise by reducing the low grade inflammation and insulin resistance in obesity.

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