Shaanxi University of Technology

The prevalence of young-onset dementia (YOD) is increasing worldwide, leading to greater economic and social burden, necessitating strategic management and prevention.

Using GBD 2021 data, disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) rates were analyzed by age, sex, and risk factors across five age groups. ARIMA and Bayesian models were applied to predict disease burden through 2050.

From 1990 to 2021, disease burden increased in both sexes aged ≥55 years, with the greatest rise in the 55-59 group. DALYs rates were consistently higher in females, peaking in the 60-64 group. High fasting plasma glucose was the leading risk factor. Model performance varied by sex and age; applying the best-fitting models indicated a continued increase in burden, particularly among females.

YOD burden has risen over time and is associated with modifiable factors such as high blood glucose and body mass index. The increasing trend is expected to persist, highlighting the need for effective management strategies to reduce future socioeconomic impact.

Among the chemicals in weapons abandoned by Japan in China during World War II, 1,4-thioxane, a typical degradation product of mustard gas, has environmental persistence and potential ecological risks. However, its toxicity mechanism and efficient remediation strategy remain unclear. This study first employed multi-omics technologies (16S sequencing, metagenomics, and metabolomics) to analyze the toxic effects of 1,4-thioxane (0-100 mg·L^-1, 120 days) on water microecology. Subsequently, an efficient degrader, Pseudomonas sp. M1, was screened, and transcriptome analysis revealed significant upregulation of Fe-S cluster assembly-related genes (sufB, sufU, sufS), which are key components of the SUF sulfur conversion system. These three genes were heterologously expressed in Escherichia coli to construct three engineered strains, each capable of degrading 1,4-thioxane via the SUF system. When mixed in equal proportions to form a synthetic microbiome, they completely degraded 100 mg·L^-1 1,4-thioxane in culture medium within 16 h and achieved 100% removal in simulated polluted water within 15 days. Integrated multi-omics analysis demonstrated that 1,4-thioxane is highly persistent (residual rate > 98%) but significantly inhibits nitrogen cycling, manifested by NH₄⁺ accumulation (1.5-3.1-fold increase) and NO₃^- depletion (24.9-87.6% decrease), along with reduced ammonia monooxygenase, nitrite oxidoreductase, and nitrate reductase activities (67.8-91.0%, 53.2-90.1%, and 42.8-80.9% reductions, respectively). Ionome analysis showed K and P accumulation and Mo depletion; 16S sequencing revealed reduced microbial diversity, suppression of nitrogen-cycling genera, and enrichment of Pseudomonas; metagenomics uncovered widespread suppression of nitrogen metabolism pathways, dysregulation of antibiotic resistance genes, and decreased viral abundance; and metabolomics confirmed global inhibition of the alanine-aspartate-glutamate pathway. This is the first study to combine multi-omics toxicity analysis with synthetic microbiome remediation based on the SUF sulfur conversion system. The findings provide a theoretical basis and technical support for ecological risk assessment and bioremediation of sites contaminated by relic Japanese chemical weapons.

Soil salinization severely threatens global agricultural sustainability and ecosystem stability, particularly in arid and semi-arid regions; conventional physical and chemical remediation approaches are constrained by high costs and potential ecological risks, making algal-bacterial bioremediation an eco-friendly alternative, yet the synergistic mechanisms of algal-bacterial consortia, their environmental dependence, and the long-term stability of exogenous inoculants in field environments remain poorly understood. Based on a systematic review of literature published from 2018 to 2025, this study synthesizes that saline-alkali soils contain indigenous halotolerant microbial communities with restricted functional diversity under long-term saline-alkali stress, algal-bacterial synergy achieves optimal remediation efficacy under moderate salinity and weak alkalinity driven by photosynthetic carbon input, nutrient mineralization, extracellular polymeric substance secretion, and pH buffering, and the field application of algal-bacterial consortia is hindered by the low colonization persistence of exogenous strains mainly caused by competition from indigenous microbiota and fluctuating environmental conditions. This review further emphasizes the importance of ecological compatibility, the preferential use of indigenous or locally adapted strains, and the integration of microbial inoculation with habitat improvement strategies, confirms that moderate salinity-alkalinity optimizes synergistic efficiency by promoting metabolic cross-feeding, shared stress resistance, and biofilm formation, and highlights the potential of synthetic algal-bacterial consortia and carrier-immobilized formulations to enhance the field stability and remediation outcomes of these microbial systems.