Wenzhou University

Electrocatalytic nitrate-to-ammonia conversion offers dual environmental and sustainable synthesis benefits, but achieving high efficiency with low-cost catalysts remains a major challenge. This review focuses on cobalt-based electrocatalysts, emphasizing their structural engineering for enhanced the performance of electrocatalytic nitrate reduction reaction (NO3RR) through dimensional control, compositional tuning, and coordination microenvironment modulation. Notably, by critically analyzing metallic cobalt, cobalt alloys, cobalt compounds, cobalt single atom and molecular catalyst configurations, we firstly establish correlations between atomic-scale structural features and catalytic performance in a coordination environment perspective for NO3RR, including the dynamic reconstruction during operation and its impact on active site. Synergizing experimental breakthroughs with computational modeling, we decode mechanisms underlying competitive hydrogen evolution suppression, intermediate adsorption-energy optimization, and durability enhancement in complex aqueous environments. The development of cobalt-based catalysts was summarized and prospected, and the emerging opportunities of machine learning in accelerating the research and development of high-performance catalysts and the configuration of series reactors for scalable nitrate-to-ammonia systems were also introduced. Bridging surface science and applications, it outlines a framework for designing multifunctional electrocatalysts to restore nitrogen cycle balance sustainably.

Acute mesenteric ischemia (AMI) is a life-threatening, rapidly progressive disease. Conventional diagnostic methods have their own limitations. Therefore, a non-invasive, real-time and efficient diagnostic method is needed. Hyperspectral imaging (HSI) has the potential to differentiate between normal and necrotic intestinal tissue as a non-invasive, real-time imaging modality. In this study, hyperspectral images of intestinal rabbit tissue were analyzed over time with multivariate curve resolution (MCR) to identify and visualize the evolution of necrotic segments. VIS-NIR reflectance spectral data obtained by HSI showed characteristic peaks that distinguish normal and necrotic tissues. Ultimately, three-dimensional data, spectral, spatial, and temporal, were simultaneously analyzed in this study. The results demonstrated that combining MCR with HSI can accurately detect intestinal necrosis and analyze its progression over time. This study provides a robust foundation for improving AMI diagnosis and offers a new perspective for non-invasive evaluation of intestinal viability, with significant implications for clinical decision-making and patient outcomes.

Developing materials with high optoelectronic performance under extreme conditions, including high temperature, high pressure, and exposure to chemical corrosion, is crucial for applications in harsh environments. In this study, [(C₁₈H₁₅OP)₃·H₃O]₂Cu₅Br₇ (CHCB), a non-toxic hybrid halide scintillator with outstanding stability and performance under challenging conditions, was developed. CHCB achieved high photoluminescence quantum yields of 97.75 % and retained excellent optical properties even after prolonged water immersion, wide pH exposure, and high-pressure treatment, highlighting its potential for underwater imaging and radiation detection. Flexible scintillator films made from CHCB exhibited high-resolution imaging capabilities (9.21 lp·mm^-1) and a light yield of 19,088.9  ph·MeV^-1, even after prolonged underwater exposure. Additionally, the dynamic information encryption potential of the CHCB crystals, demonstrated through an ultraviolet-triggered binary encoding system, underscored their multifunctionality. These findings position CHCB as a promising candidate for sustainable, high-performance scintillators in extreme environments and advanced optoelectronic applications.